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	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

SCROPHULARIACEAE

FIGWORT FAMILY

Lawrence R. Heckard, Family Coordinator

Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.

TRIPHYSARIA

T.I. Chuang and Lawrence R. Heckard

Annual, green root-parasites
Leaves sessile, ± linear; upper finely divided
Inflorescence: spike; bracts generally leaf-like
Flower: calyx ± equally 4-lobed; corolla club-shaped (except T. pusilla ), lips nearly equal, upper lip beak-like, tip open, lower lip deeply 3-pouched, 3-toothed, throat abruptly indented forming a fold; stamens 4, anther sac 1; stigma generally slightly enlarged, entire to slightly 2-lobed
Fruit loculicidal, ± ovoid
Seeds many, 0.8–1.2 mm, ovoid, attached at base; coat netted, generally tight-fitting
Species in genus: 5 species: w North America
Etymology: (Greek: 3 bladders, from lower lip pouches)
Reference: [Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644–666]
Hybrids common. Related to Castilleja and Orthocarpus but isolated reproductively
Horticultural information: TRY with host; DFCLT

Native

T. versicolor Fisch. & C.A. Mey.

Plant 10–60 cm, green to yellow-brown, ± glabrous
Leaf 20–80 mm, 5–9-lobed
Inflorescence 5–20 cm, dense above; bracts 8–18 mm, 3–5-lobed, lobes lanceolate
Flower: calyx 5–10 mm, divided ± 1/3; corolla 12–22 mm, white or yellow, tube >> calyx, slender, densely puberulent, beak yellowish, lower lip ± 1 mm < beak, pouches 2–4 mm deep, margins purple-dotted; stamens included
Fruit 6–9 mm
Seeds 30–50, dark brown
Chromosomes: 2n=22 (both subspp.)
Ecology: Grassland
Elevation: < 500 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, North Coast Ranges, Sacramento Valley (Solano Co.), Central Coast
Distribution outside California: sw Oregon

Native

subsp. versicolor

Flower: corolla white fading rose
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Central Coast
Distribution outside California: sw Oregon
Synonyms: O. f. A. Gray subsp. albidus D.D. Keck