TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

SCROPHULARIACEAE

FIGWORT FAMILY

Lawrence R. Heckard, Family Coordinator

Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.

ORTHOCARPUS

T.I. Chuang and Lawrence R. Heckard

Annual, green root-parasites
Leaves sessile, entire to 3-lobed
Inflorescence: spike; bracts entire to 5-lobed, tips generally colored
Flower: calyx 4-lobed, deepest sinus in back; corolla club-shaped, upper lip beak-like, tip closed, enclosing anthers and style, lower lip shorter, ± 3-pouched, generally 3-toothed; stamens 4, anther sacs 2, unequal; style and stigma slender
Fruit loculicidal, ± ovoid, generally ± notched
Seeds generally 8–15, often ± curved, ± keeled, attached at side; coat netted or ridged, tight-fitting
Species in genus: 9 species: w North America
Etymology: (Greek: straight fruit)
Reference: [Chuang & Heckard 1992 Syst Bot 17:560–582]
Close to Cordylanthus ; other species formerly placed here are in Castilleja (Owl's-clovers) or Triphysaria (Johnny-tuck).
Horticultural information: TRY with host; DFCLT.

Native

O. bracteosus Benth.

Plant 10–40 cm, minutely scabrous, glandular-puberulent, generally becoming ± purple-tinged
Stem generally simple, slender
Leaves 15–35 mm, ± linear; lower entire; upper 3-lobed to middle
Inflorescence 3–20 cm, densely puberulent; bracts grading into upper leaves, 10–20 mm, ± ovate, 2 lateral lobes below middle, central lobe ± lanceolate, 3–5 mm wide
Flower: calyx 6–10 mm, divided 2/3 in back, 1/2 on front and sides; corolla 12–20 mm, generally rose (to white), exserted, lips ± equal, beak 4–6 mm, tip with prominent, downward-projecting, glabrous, cylindric hook, lower lip pouched, teeth 0; stigma barely exserted
Fruit 5–7 mm
Seed light brown
Chromosomes: 2n=30
Ecology: Moist meadows
Elevation: 500–2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia