TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

SCROPHULARIACEAE

FIGWORT FAMILY

Lawrence R. Heckard, Family Coordinator

Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.

LINDERNIA

FALSE PIMPERNEL

Margriet Wetherwax

Annual, biennial
Stem openly branched
Leaves opposite, entire to finely dentate
Flower: calyx radial, sepals 5, ± free; corolla 2-lipped, upper lip erect, 2-lobed, lower lip > upper, spreading, 3-lobed, throat with 2 yellow, hairy ridges; fertile stamens 2 (lower stamen pair antherless, forming corolla throat ridges and with free, forked, filament-like tips); stigmas 2, flat
Species in genus: ± 50 species: especially tropical, subtropical
Etymology: (Franz B. von Lindern, German physician, botanist, 1682–1755)

Native

L. dubia (L.) Pennell

Annual, glabrous
Stem < 38 cm, spreading to erect
Leaf 1–37 mm; blade lanceolate to ovate, entire to finely dentate, tapered to round-clasping at base
Inflorescence: pedicels 0.5–28 mm
Flower: sepals < 7 mm, linear; corolla 7–10 mm, white to bluish or lavender
Fruit < or = sepals
Seed length 1.5–3 X width, yellow
Ecology: Wet places
Elevation: < 1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Sierra Nevada, Great Central Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, East of Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: N.America, S.America
Varieties unclearly differentiated.

Native

var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperr.

Leaf 1–24 mm, generally much reduced above; blade ovate to elliptic, ± entire, nearly all widest and round-clasping at base
Inflorescence: pedicels 3–28 mm, generally >> subtending leaves (lowermost sometimes shorter)
Flower: corolla 7–9 mm, white to lavender
Fruit > calyx
Seed length < 2 X width, brownish yellow
Ecology: Habitats and elevations of sp.
Bioregional distribution: Sierra Nevada, Great Central Valley
Distribution outside California: to Washington, e US, Mexico
Synonyms: L. a. (Michx.) Pennell