| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.
Annual, ± glandular
Stem erect or ascending
Leaves opposite, entire to dentate, sessile
Inflorescence: raceme; bractlets beneath calyx present or 0
Flower: sepals 5, generally free; corolla tube 4-angled or -sided, upper lip entire or 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed; fertile stamens 2, anther sacs of each stamen separated, parallel; stigmas 2, flat
Fruit 4-valved
Seeds many, wingless
Species in genus: ± 20 species: temp, tropical mtns
Etymology: (Latin: grace or favor, from supposed medicinal quality)
| Native |
Stem < 10 cm, glabrous below, glandular-puberulent upward
Leaf < 20 mm, not clasping, truncate; lower linear-lanceolate, becoming shorter, oblong (upper 2–5 mm)
Inflorescence glandular-puberulent; pedicels 10–23 mm, slender, erect; bractlets 0
Flower: sepals 4–6 mm, unequally fused, truncate; corolla 6–8 mm, yellow (except lower 3 lobes white), lobes of upper lip ± entire; stigmas 2, lobes unequal
Fruit 4–6 mm, spheric
Ecology: Shallow water, margins of vernal pools
Elevation: < 1200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Inner North Coast Ranges, c Sierra Nevada Foothills, Sacramento Valley, Modoc Plateau.