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SCROPHULARIACEAE

FIGWORT FAMILY

Lawrence R. Heckard, Family Coordinator

Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.

COLLINSIA

Elizabeth Chase Neese

Annual, often glandular, sometimes brown-staining
Leaves opposite; lower petioled
Inflorescence bracted, often interrupted; flowers 1–many in leaf axils
Flower: calyx 5-lobed; corolla ± pea-like, generally glabrous outside, tube short, throat ± angled to tube, ± pouched on upper side, lips generally ± = throat, upper lobes 2, ± reflexed, generally paler, lower lobes 3, lateral spreading, central lobe keeled, enclosing stamens and style; stamens 4, attached unequally near throat base; staminode gland-like
Fruit septicidal and loculicidal (valves 2-lobed)
Seeds generally few, ± oblong, generally plump; inner surface ± hollow
Species in genus: ± 18 species: North America, especially CA
Etymology: (Zaccheus Collins, 1764–1831, Philadelphia botanist)
Late-season flowers generally atypically small.

Native

C. tinctoria Benth.

Plant 20–60 cm, robust
Leaf generally lanceolate-deltate, ± entire to serrate, (sub)glabrous above, densely hairy below, generally strongly mottled
Inflorescence interrupted, glandular-clammy, staining; whorls dense; pedicels generally crowded, < calyx
Flower: calyx >> fruit, lobes deep, tips blunt; corolla 12–20 mm, generally white to yellowish or pale lavender (purple), throat strongly angled to tube, pouch projecting backward 2–4 mm from tube, upper lip < 1/2 lower, reflexed portion generally 2–5 mm, red-banded, lateral lobes generally red-dotted, generally long-hairy on upper surface, middle lobe glandular, hairy; upper filaments hairy
Seeds generally 4, flat, generally slightly winged
Chromosomes: n=7
Ecology: Rocky, dry mixed woodland, coniferous forest
Elevation: 600–2500 m.
Bioregional distribution: e Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, San Francisco Bay Area.Intergrades with C. bartsiifolia, C. heterophylla
Horticultural information: DRN: 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24 &SHD: 1, 2, 7, 14, 19, 20, 21.

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bioregional map for COLLINSIA%20tinctoria being generated
 


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