TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

SCROPHULARIACEAE

FIGWORT FAMILY

Lawrence R. Heckard, Family Coordinator

Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.

COLLINSIA

Elizabeth Chase Neese

Annual, often glandular, sometimes brown-staining
Leaves opposite; lower petioled
Inflorescence bracted, often interrupted; flowers 1–many in leaf axils
Flower: calyx 5-lobed; corolla ± pea-like, generally glabrous outside, tube short, throat ± angled to tube, ± pouched on upper side, lips generally ± = throat, upper lobes 2, ± reflexed, generally paler, lower lobes 3, lateral spreading, central lobe keeled, enclosing stamens and style; stamens 4, attached unequally near throat base; staminode gland-like
Fruit septicidal and loculicidal (valves 2-lobed)
Seeds generally few, ± oblong, generally plump; inner surface ± hollow
Species in genus: ± 18 species: North America, especially CA
Etymology: (Zaccheus Collins, 1764–1831, Philadelphia botanist)
Late-season flowers generally atypically small.

Native

C. heterophylla Graham

CHINESE HOUSES

Plant 10–50 cm
Leaf lanceolate-deltate, toothed (often deeply lobed in seedlings)
Inflorescence interrupted, glabrous to hairy, ± glandular; whorls dense; pedicels < calyx
Flower: calyx lobes generally acute, glabrous to shaggy; corolla 10–20 mm, generally glabrous outside, throat hairy inside, strongly angled to tube, as wide as long, pouch prominent, squarish, upper lip white to lavender or tipped dark violet, wine-spotted and generally reddish lined near base, lower lip whitish to rose-purple, middle lobe generally with darker red tip; upper filaments hairy, spur 1–2 mm, curved into pouch
Seeds many, ovate, ± flat
Chromosomes: n=7
Ecology: Common. Shady places
Elevation: < 1000 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: n Baja California
Plants with very short upper lip have been called var. austromontana (Newsom) Munz. May hybridize with C. bartsiifolia, C. multiflora , and C. tinctoria ; more study needed
Horticultural information: DRN: 5, 6, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24 &SHD: 7, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21 &IRR: 8, 9, 10, 11.