TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) previous taxon | next taxon
Jepson Interchange (more information)
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora.

    THIS PAGE IS NO LONGER UPDATED
    AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY
  • Up-to-date information about California vascular plants is available from the Jepson eFlora.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

FIGWORT FAMILY

Lawrence R. Heckard, Family Coordinator

Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.

CASTILLEJA

INDIAN PAINTBRUSH, OWL'S-CLOVER

T.I. Chuang and Lawrence R. Heckard

Annual to subshrub, green root-parasites
Leaves sessile, entire to dissected
Inflorescence spike-like; bracts becoming shorter, wider, more lobed than leaves, tips generally colored
Flower: calyx generally unequally 4-lobed, generally colored like bract tips; corolla upper lip beak-like, tip open, lower lip generally reduced, 3-toothed to -pouched; stamens 4; anther sacs 2, unequal; stigma entire to 2-lobed, generally exserted
Fruit loculicidal, ± ovoid, ± asymmetric
Seed generally ± brown, attached at base; coat netted, net-like walls sometimes aligned ladder-like
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America
Etymology: (Domingo Castillejo, Spanish botanist)
Reference: [Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644–666]
Highly variable within and between populations. Hybridization and polyploidy common; polyploid forms may have separate ranges or be ± identifiable within populations by minor characters. Biologically consistent taxa very difficult to define
Horticultural information: TRY with host; usually DFCLT.

Native

C. applegatei Fernald

Perennial 10–80 cm, few-branched, green to dusty, generally very short-glandular-sticky-hairy and long-nonglandular-hairy
Stems generally ± few
Leaf 20–70 mm, ± lanceolate, generally wavy-margined; lobes 0–3
Inflorescence 5–20 cm; bracts 15–25 mm, lobes 0–7, bright red to yellowish
Flower: calyx 13–25 mm, divided 1/3–1/2 in back and front, ± 1/8 on sides, lobes acute to rounded; corolla 20–40 mm, beak ± = tube, back puberulent, margins reddish, lower lip 1–3 mm, dark green, included or exserted; stigma slightly 2-lobed, well exserted
Fruit 8–15 mm
Seed 1–1.5 mm; coat shallowly netted, loose-fitting, side walls ladder-like
Ecology: Dry open forest or scrub
Elevation: 300–3600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, Inner North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, e San Francisco Bay Area, Inner South Coast Ranges, Southwestern California, Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, n Baja California
Highly variable complex (other subspp. outside CA), unique in combination of glandular-sticky herbage and wavy leaf margins.

Native

subsp. pallida (Eastw.) Chuang & Heckard


Stems many, 10–25 cm
Leaf: lobes generally 3
Flower: calyx 13–15 mm, divided > 1/3 in back and front, ± 1/4 on sides, lobes acute; corolla 16–22 mm, beak 7–10 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=48
Ecology: Dry rocky slopes and flats, red-fir forest to alpine barrens
Elevation: 2400–3600 m.
Bioregional distribution: High Sierra Nevada, East of Sierra Nevada
Flowering time: Jun–Aug
Synonyms: C. breweri Fernald including var. p. Eastw

previous taxon | next taxon
bioregional map for CASTILLEJA%20applegatei%20subsp.%20pallida being generated
 


Retrieve Jepson Interchange Index to Plant Names entry for Castilleja applegatei subsp. pallida
Retrieve dichotomous key for Castilleja
Return to treatment index page
Glossary
University & Jepson Herbaria Home Page | Copyright © by the Regents of the University of California