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RUBIACEAE

MADDER FAMILY

Lauramay T. Dempster

Annual, perennial herb, shrub, vine, tree
Leaves generally opposite, entire; stipules generally on stem, sometimes leaf-like (then leaves apparently whorled and stipules considered leaves), adjacent pairs sometimes fused
Inflorescence: cyme, panicle, cluster, or flower solitary, generally terminal and ± axillary
Flower generally bisexual; calyx generally ± 4-lobed, sometimes 0; corolla generally radial, 4-lobed; stamens epipetalous, alternate corolla lobes, generally included; ovary generally inferior, chambers generally 2 or 4, style 1, ± fused if 2
Fruit: 2 or 4 nutlets or a berry, drupe, or capsule
Genera in family: ± 500 genera, 6000 species: worldwide, especially tropical; many cultivated (including Coffea , coffee; Cinchona , quinine; many ornamental)
Reference: [Dempster 1979 Fl CA 4(2):1–47]

GALIUM

BEDSTRAW, CLEAVERS

Annual, perennial herb, sometimes ± shrubby, often ± dioecious, glabrous or hairy, often scabrous
Stem when young 4-angled
Leaves in whorls of 4 or more, including leaf-like stipules
Inflorescence: panicle, or axillary clusters of 1–many flowers
Flower bisexual or unisexual (with sterile stamens or pistils); calyx 0; corolla generally rotate, sometimes ± bell-shaped, generally greenish, fading yellow or white, sometimes reddish, lobes generally 4; ovary 2-lobed, styles 2, ± fused basally
Fruit: 2 nutlets or 1 berry
Species in genus: ± 400 species: worldwide, especially temp
Etymology: (Greek: milk, from use of some species in its curdling)
Hairiness of ovary and fruit generally ± equal on a single plant; staminate plants often identified only by association with pistillate.

Native

G. multiflorum Kellogg

KELLOGG'S BEDSTRAW

Perennial, erect, 15–35 cm, dioecious, glabrous or hairy; base woody
Leaves in whorls of 4, in 2 unequal pairs; the larger 8–15 mm, broadly ovate, 3-veined, base round, tip ± obtuse but often with a small point
Inflorescence: panicle of few-flowered clusters, terminal
Flower: corolla ± bell-shaped, whitish or pinkish
Fruit: nutlets; hairs long, straight
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Rocky places among sagebrush
Elevation: 1300–2900 m.
Bioregional distribution: n High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: Nevada
Flowering time: May–Aug
Synonyms: f. hirsutum (A. Gray) Ehrend.; G. watsonii (A. Gray) A. Heller

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