| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Shrub, vine, tree, generally erect, often thorny
Leaves simple, generally alternate, often clustered on short-shoots, generally petioled, generally stipuled; blade often 1–3-ribbed from base
Inflorescence: cyme, panicle, or flowers solitary in axils
Flower generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium subtending, surrounding, or partly fused to ovary; sepals 4 or 5; petals 0, 4, or 5, clawed; stamens 4 or 5, alternate sepals, attached to hypanthium top, each generally fitting into a petal concavity; ovary superior or partly inferior, chambers 2–5, each 1–2-ovuled, style lobes or parts 1–3
Fruit: capsule, drupe
Genera in family: 55 genera, 900 species: especially tropical, subtropical; some cultivated (Ceanothus ; Colletia , anchor-plant; Gouania ; Phylica ; Rhamnus ; Ventilago ; Ziziphus )
Reference: [Brizicky 1965 J Arnold Arbor 45:439–463]
Shrub, small tree
Stem: branches alternate, flexible; twigs sometimes thorn-tipped
Leaves sometimes clustered on short-shoots, deciduous or evergreen, petioled; stipules deciduous; blade 1-ribbed from base, entire or not
Inflorescence: umbel or flowers solitary, axillary
Flower bisexual or unisexual, generally < 3 mm; hypanthium at base fused to, developing around ovary in fruit, above base deciduous; sepals 4 or 5; petals 0, 4, or 5; stamens 4 or 5; ovary appearing partly inferior, chambers 2–4, each 1–2-ovuled, style lobes 2–4
Fruit: drupe, 2–4-stoned
Species in genus: 125 species: temp, few tropical
Etymology: (Greek: name for plants of this genus)
Reference: [Wolf 1938 Rancho Santa Ana Bot Gard Monogr 1]
Some of value in medicine or as dyes.
| Native |
Shrub < 6 m
Stem: bark gray or red; twigs velvety; terminal buds not covered with scales
Leaves evergreen; petiole 3–10 mm; blade 20–70 mm, ovate to narrowly elliptic, thick, base acute to rounded, tip acute, rounded, or with a small point, margin entire to toothed, sometimes rolled under, lower surface tomentose, veins prominent
Inflorescence 5–60-flowered; pedicels < 20 mm
Flower bisexual; hypanthium 1–2 mm; sepals 5; petals 5
Fruit 3-stoned, 10–15 mm, black
Ecology: Chaparral, woodlands
Elevation: < 2300 m.
Bioregional distribution: s Klamath Ranges, North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range Foothills, Sierra Nevada (except n High Sierra Nevada), Sacramento Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast Ranges, Southwestern California, East of Sierra Nevada, Mojave Desert
Distribution outside California: to Nevada, New Mexico, Baja California
Several subspp. distinguishable, but intermediates are common.
| Native |
Stem: twigs gray, tomentose
Leaf: blade 30–70 mm, elliptic or ovate, upper surface green, tip acute to rounded, margin serrate to ± entire
Ecology: Woodlands
Elevation: 1200–2100 m.
Bioregional distribution: Desert Mountains (Clark, New York, Providence mtns)
Distribution outside California: to Nevada, New Mexico
Flowering time: May–Jul
Synonyms: R. californica subsp. ursina (Greene) C. WolfHorticultural information: DRN, DRY, SUN: 2, 3, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.