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RANUNCULACEAE

BUTTERCUP FAMILY

Dieter H. Wilken, except as specified

Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0–many, free; stamens generally 10–many; pistils 1–many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1–many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1–many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ), some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:24–27]

TRAUTVETTERIA

Perennial from rhizomes; roots often clustered
Stem generally 1, erect, simple
Leaves few, round to reniform, deeply palmately lobed
Inflorescence: panicle, ± flat-topped, terminal
Flower bisexual, radial; sepals 3–7, petal-like; petals 0; stamens many; pistils 10+, ovule 1, style in fruit persistent, ± hooked or coiled
Fruit: achenes; wall papery, shiny, veined or ribbed
Species in genus: 2 species: temp North America, e Asia
Etymology: (E.R. von Trautvetter, Russian botanist, 1809–1889)

Native

T. caroliniensis (Walter) Vail var. occidentalis (A. Gray) C.L. Hitchc.

Plant 3–9 dm
Stem generally glabrous
Leaves: blade upper surface green, lower surface paler; basal 1–2, petiole 15–45 cm, lobes 5–10, ± wedge-shaped, toothed above middle; cauline petiole 0–15 cm
Inflorescence: flowers 5+; bracts < 2 cm; pedicels 4–10 mm
Flower: sepals 2.5–5 mm, early deciduous, blade ovate, cup-like, greenish white; stamens 5–10 mm, filaments flat, wider than anthers or not
Fruit 2.5–4.5 mm, ± round
Ecology: Moist, shaded places, streambanks
Elevation: 1100–1800 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Cascade Range (uncommon), c&n High Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Montana, New Mexico
Synonyms: T. grandis Torr. & A. Gray
Other var. in e US
Horticultural information: SHD, DRN, IRRorWET: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17.

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