TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0many, free; stamens generally 10many; pistils 1many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:2427]
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes from stolons or caudices, terrestrial or aquatic; roots generally fibrous
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves basal and generally cauline, generally reduced upwards, generally glabrous; petiole base flat, stipule-like or not; basal and lower cauline petioles generally long; blades simple to dissected or compound, entire to toothed
Inflorescence: cyme, axillary or terminal, 1few-flowered
Flower radial; sepals generally 5, generally early deciduous, generally glabrous, generally green to yellowish; petals generally 5, generally > sepals, generally white to yellow, shiny; nectar gland near petal base, pocket-like or with flap-like scale; anthers yellow; pistils generally many
Fruit: achene, generally compressed, beaked, generally glabrous; walls thick
Species in genus: ± 250 species: temp worldwide, tropical mtns; some ornamental
Etymology: (Latin: (Pliny) little frog, from generally wet habitats)
Introduced |
Annual or biennial (5)1550 cm
Stem decumbent to erect, glabrous, branches 0few
Leaves glabrous or hairy; basal and lower cauline petioles 315 cm, blades 13.5(5) cm, cordate to reniform, toothed to deeply 3-lobed, lobes widely oblanceolate, toothed; upper cauline leaves slightly smaller
Flower: receptacle hairs short, stiff; sepals 47 mm, glabrous to sparsely puberulent; petals 58 mm, 2.53.5 mm wide
Fruits generally 1020; cluster spheric; body 57 mm, sides 2.54 mm wide, spiny, margin thick, back very keeled, keel spines 0; beak 22.5 mm, curved
Chromosomes: 2n=48, 64
Ecology: Wet fields, ditches, vernal pools
Elevation: < 700 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, Outer South Coast Ranges
Distribution outside California: to Washington, se US, native to Europe