TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0many, free; stamens generally 10many; pistils 1many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:2427]
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes from stolons or caudices, terrestrial or aquatic; roots generally fibrous
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves basal and generally cauline, generally reduced upwards, generally glabrous; petiole base flat, stipule-like or not; basal and lower cauline petioles generally long; blades simple to dissected or compound, entire to toothed
Inflorescence: cyme, axillary or terminal, 1few-flowered
Flower radial; sepals generally 5, generally early deciduous, generally glabrous, generally green to yellowish; petals generally 5, generally > sepals, generally white to yellow, shiny; nectar gland near petal base, pocket-like or with flap-like scale; anthers yellow; pistils generally many
Fruit: achene, generally compressed, beaked, generally glabrous; walls thick
Species in genus: ± 250 species: temp worldwide, tropical mtns; some ornamental
Etymology: (Latin: (Pliny) little frog, from generally wet habitats)
Native |
Perennial 450 cm; roots ± thick, fleshy
Stems decumbent to erect, generally 35 from base, generally branched from base, glabrous
Leaves: basal and lower cauline petioles 27 cm, blades 212 cm, ± oblong to ovate, entire, base generally tapered; upper cauline leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, entire
Flower: receptacle glabrous; sepals 35 mm, ± reflexed, glabrous to puberulent; petals 57 in CA, 515 mm, 25.5 mm wide
Fruits 12many; cluster spheric; body 1.52.5 mm, sides 12 mm wide, smooth to sparsely puberulent, back rounded; beak 0.51 mm, ± straight
Ecology: Wet places, streambanks, meadows, coniferous forest
Elevation: 13003600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, San Jacinto Mountains, Modoc Plateau, n White and Inyo Mountains
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada
Varieties intergrade, difficult.
Native |
Plant 420(30) cm
Leaf: basal blade 24 cm, generally ovate
Flower: petals 57 mm
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: 14003600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, San Jacinto Mountains, n White and Inyo Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Nevada
Flowering time: JunJul
Horticultural information: WET or IRR, DRN: 1, 2, 7 &SUN: 4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 17.