| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0–many, free; stamens generally 10–many; pistils 1–many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1–many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1–many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:24–27]
Annual generally from taproot
Stem generally 1, erect, branched to not
Leaves palmately or palmate-pinnately deeply lobed or dissected; cauline merging into bracts upward
Inflorescence: raceme, terminal; pedicels spreading to ascending
Flower bilateral; sepals 5, petal-like, white to blue or violet, uppermost spurred; petal 1, in color = sepals, tip generally lobed, arched over stamens, base with spur enclosed in uppermost sepal spur; pistil 1
Fruit: follicle
Seed brown to black, minutely scaly in rows
Species in genus: ± 40 species: Medit Eur, w Asia
Etymology: (Latin: consolidate, from reported ability to heal wounds)
Reference: [Keener 1976 Castanea 41:12–20]
Segregated from Delphinium.
| Introduced |
Plant ± puberulent throughout except stem glabrous below
Stem 45–100 cm
Leaves short-petioled; segments 14–21, < 2 mm wide, linear
Inflorescence (3)8–21-flowered; pedicels 5–16 mm
Flower: sepals white, pink, or blue, lateral 8–15 mm, spur 12–18 mm
Fruit 9–18 mm
Seed brown
Chromosomes: 2n=16
Ecology: Disturbed soils, waste places, often a waif
Elevation: < 300 m.
Bioregional distribution: Inner North Coast Ranges, n&c Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast
Distribution outside California: to eastern US; native to Europe
Synonyms: Consolida ambigua (L.) P. W. Ball & Heywood misapplied