TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0many, free; stamens generally 10many; pistils 1many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:2427]
Perennial from stout, branched caudex
Stems 1few, ascending to erect, branched to not
Leaves 14(5), generally 13(4)-ternate, lowest scale-like, fibrous, sheathing
Inflorescence: raceme, axillary or terminal
Flower radial; sepals 35, petal-like, early deciduous; petals 410, rarely 0, oblanceolate to spoon-shaped; pistil 1, placentas 2, ovules several
Fruit: berry
Species in genus: 56 species: temp North America, Eurasia
Etymology: (Greek: ancient name, from wet habitat and similarity to Sambucus leaves)
Fr TOXIC to humans .
Native |
Plant (2)48 dm
Stem few-branched above, sparsely puberulent
Leaves 1070 dm; lower 23-ternate, upper 12-ternate; segments 29 cm, toothed to irregularly cut, lateral lanceolate to ovate, terminal widely ovate to ± round
Inflorescence: pedicels spreading to ascending, 58 mm, in fruit 615 mm
Flower: sepals 23 mm, whitish or purplish green; petals ± = sepals, white; stamens 47 mm
Fruit 510 mm, red or white, shiny
Chromosomes: n=8
Ecology: Deep soils, moist, open to shaded sites, mixed-evergreen or coniferous forest
Elevation: < 2800 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada (except Tehachapi Mountain Area), San Francisco Bay Area, Outer South Coast Ranges, San Bernardino Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, ne US
Synonyms: subsp. arguta (Nutt.) Hultén
Horticultural information: SHD: 4, 5, 6 &IRR: 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.