TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to perennial herb (sometimes short-lived, dying after flowering once)
Stem generally erect
Leaves: lower generally tapered or petioled, often wavy-margined, generally pinnately lobed, ± dentate, lobes and teeth spine-tipped, margin generally spiny-ciliate, glabrous to tomentose; upper generally sessile, ± reduced
Inflorescence: heads discoid, 1many; involucre cylindric to spheric; phyllaries many, graduated in several series, outer spine-tipped; receptacle flat, long-bristly
Flowers generally many; corollas ± bilateral, white to red or purple, tube long, slender, lobes linear; anther bases sharply sagittate, tips oblong; style tip with slightly swollen node, appendage (above node) long, cylindric, branches very short
Fruit ovoid, glabrous; scar slightly angled; pappus bristles many, plumose, ± persistent or falling in ring
Species in genus: ± 200 species: North America, Eurasia
Etymology: (Greek: thistle)
Taxa difficult, incompletely differentiated, hybridize.
Native |
Biennial (or short-lived perennial herb) 110+ dm
Stem 0 or 1several from base, spreading (plants low, mound-like) or erect, often ± fleshy, ridged, glabrous
Leaves strongly wavy-margined, loosely tomentose, soon becoming glabrous; lower 1030 cm, spiny-petioled, generally deeply lobed, lobes ± ovate, generally with radiating 2° lobes or teeth, main spines 710 mm; middle and upper not much reduced, sessile or petioled, decurrent as short, spiny wings
Inflorescence: heads in tight clusters at stem tips, ± sessile or short-peduncled, often closely subtended by several leaves; involucres 23.5 cm, 24 cm diam, ovoid to bell-shaped, glabrous; phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, minutely ciliate or spiny-ciliate, outer tipped by ascending spines 25 mm, inner with tips straight, flat, linear
Flowers: corollas 2530 mm, ± white, purplish, tube 1317 mm, throat 59 mm, lobes 57 mm; anthers purple
Fruit 34 mm, oblong-obovate, ± compressed; pappus 1525 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=34
Ecology: Wetlands in dunes
Elevation: < 50 m.
Bioregional distribution: s Central Coast (s San Luis Obispo, n Santa Barbara cos.).Related to C. scariosum.