TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

CHAENACTIS

PINCUSHION

James D. Morefield

Annual to subshrubs, generally ± hairy
Leaves alternate or basal, generally petioled, reduced upward, entire and linear or generally elliptic to ovate or obovate and 1–4-pinnately lobed; 1° lobes longest near middle or base of blade
Inflorescence: heads discoid (but outer flowers often enlarged, ± ray-like), 1–many per stem, generally in terminal cymes; peduncle generally hairy like phyllary bases; involucre generally < 15 mm diam, cylindric to obconic or hemispheric; phyllaries in 1–2 ± equal series, generally linear to lanceolate, tips generally ± flat, generally ± green; receptacle flat to rounded, generally naked
Flowers 10–many; corollas radial (outer, if enlarged, ± bilateral), generally white to pinkish or yellow, generally opening in daytime; anthers generally exserted
Fruit club-shaped, generally not compressed, stiffly hairy; pappus 0 or of 4–20 fringed scales in 1–few series
Species in genus: 18 species: w North America
Etymology: (Greek: gaping ray, from enlarged outer corollas of some)
Reference: [Mooring 1980 Amer J Bot 67:1304–1309]
Spp. of sect. Chaenactis hybridize.

Native

C. glabriuscula DC.

YELLOW PINCUSHION

Annual
Stems generally 1–few, erect to spreading, < 50 cm; hairs thinning with age
Leaves < 11 cm, ± cobwebby, fleshy or not; largest entire or 1–2-pinnately lobed, 1° lobes 1–7 pairs, longest near blade middle, tips flat to curled or cylindric
Inflorescence: heads 1–several per stem; peduncle < 20 cm; involucre widely cylindric to obconic or hemispheric, generally ± tomentose or glandular-hairy; longest phyllaries 4.5–9 mm, tips erect, ± rigid, generally blunt
Flowers: corollas ± bright to deep yellow, outer bilateral, greatly enlarged, inner radial, 4–8 mm
Fruit 3–9 mm; pappus scales (1)4–8 in 1–2 series, scales of outer fruit generally < inner, unequal, scales of inner fruit generally equal, longest 1–8 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=12
Ecology: Generally dry open places, sometimes dunes or serpentine
Elevation: < 1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain Area, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, Southwestern California, w edge Desert
Distribution outside California: n Baja California
Highly variable; some forms like C. stevioides except flower color.

Native

var. heterocarpha (A. Gray) H.M. Hall

Plants branched above or below middle, thinly grayish cobwebby
Stems < 50 cm, spreading to erect
Leaves < 5 cm, generally not fleshy; basal rosette withering or ± persistent; largest blades generally 2-pinnately lobed, 1° lobes 2–7 pairs, ± crowded, tips generally curled
Inflorescence: heads few per stem; peduncles < 10 cm; involucre hemispheric to widely cylindric; longest phyllaries 6–9 mm, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, glabrous and green to ± grayish tomentose
Flowers: inner corollas 4.5–7 mm
Fruit 6–9 mm; pappus scales (5)7–8 in 2 series, scales of outer series (1)3–4, << inner, scales of inner series 4, longest generally 2–7 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=12
Ecology: Open (often serpentine) slopes, ridges
Elevation: < 1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, most common n
Synonyms: var. gracilenta (Greene) D.D. Keck; C. tanacetifolia A. Gray
Possibly best considered a separate sp.; like C. nevii A. Gray (fruit compressed, pappus 0 or vestigial; OR)
Horticultural information: DRY, SUN, DRN: 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.