TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, generally erect, with tack- or saucer-shaped glands (and generally more normal glandular hairs), generally aromatic
Leaves generally alternate, ± sessile, ± linear, entire, generally reduced upward; lower often deciduous by flower
Inflorescence: heads radiate, variously clustered; peduncle bracts generally with 1+ tack-like glands; each phyllary partly enfolding a ray fruit; chaff scales between ray and disk flowers, fused, forming a cup, or ± free
Ray flowers 16; ligules 313 mm, 3-lobed, white to rose or yellow, sometimes with red spot near base
Disk flowers 1many; corollas 29 mm, colored ± like ligules
Fruit: ray fruit ± 3-angled, inner surface ± flat, outer surface rounded to ± angled, pappus 0; disk fruit angled, base tapered, pappus 0 or generally of ± lanceolate (and sometime wider) scales
Species in genus: ± 9 species: especially CA (OR, NV)
Etymology: (Greek: cup gland)
Native |
Stem 39 dm, generally simple, often zigzag-curved, long-soft-hairy
Leaves 28 cm, often longest at mid-stem
Inflorescence: heads fewmany in dense cymes; peduncle bracts 39 mm, flat, oblanceolate, tack-like glands generally several, marginal; phyllaries and chaff scales 45 mm, outer surfaces soft-spreading-hairy, densely glandular (tack-like glands generally 0)
Ray flowers 14; ligules yellow, white or rose, lobes ± equal
Disk flowers 210
Fruit: ray fruit generally rough-wrinkled, ± glabrous; disk pappus scales ± 8, generally lanceolate, acuminate (or 13 shorter, ± rounded)
Chromosomes: 2n=14
Ecology: Common. Open, dry meadows, fields
Elevation: 1501500 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s Sierra Nevada Foothills, San Joaquin Valley.