| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, generally erect, with tack- or saucer-shaped glands (and generally more normal glandular hairs), generally aromatic
Leaves generally alternate, ± sessile, ± linear, entire, generally reduced upward; lower often deciduous by flower
Inflorescence: heads radiate, variously clustered; peduncle bracts generally with 1+ tack-like glands; each phyllary partly enfolding a ray fruit; chaff scales between ray and disk flowers, fused, forming a cup, or ± free
Ray flowers 1–6; ligules 3–13 mm, 3-lobed, white to rose or yellow, sometimes with red spot near base
Disk flowers 1–many; corollas 2–9 mm, colored ± like ligules
Fruit: ray fruit ± 3-angled, inner surface ± flat, outer surface rounded to ± angled, pappus 0; disk fruit angled, base tapered, pappus 0 or generally of ± lanceolate (and sometime wider) scales
Species in genus: ± 9 species: especially CA (OR, NV)
Etymology: (Greek: cup gland)