TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, perennial herb, generally glandular-hairy
Stems erect, branched
Leaves simple, alternate
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary, peduncled; phyllaries in 23 ± equal series, linear, margins narrowly scarious; receptacle flat, naked
Ray flowers many; ligules yellow or orange
Disk flowers many, staminate; corollas yellow to brown; anthers with ovate or triangular-ovate tips, sagittate at base, short-tailed; style with ring of hairs just below tip, very shallowly divided
Fruit incurved, rough or prickly on back; pappus 0
Species in genus: ± 15 species: Eur, n Africa, w Asia
Etymology: (Latin: calendar, for long flowering season)