TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
previous taxon |
next taxon
Jepson Interchange (more information) |
|
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, perennial herb, shrubs
Stems prostrate to erect
Leaves simple or pinnate, generally opposite, sessile or petioled
Inflorescence: heads radiate or discoid, generally few in CA; involucre cylindric to bell-shaped; phyllaries in 2 dissimilar series, outer generally ± leaf-like in texture, inner thinner, with transparent or scarious margins; receptacle chaffy; chaff scales narrow, flat
Ray flowers 0 or few; ligules yellow or white
Disk flowers generally many; corollas yellow, radial (or outermost white, bilateral)
Fruit narrowly club-shaped, thick or compressed front-to-back; pappus 0 or awns 1several, generally barbed
Species in genus: ± 230 species: worldwide
Etymology: (Latin: 2 teeth)
Reference: [Sherff & Alexander 1955 North America Flora 2(2):70129]
Native |
Annual, ± glabrous
Stems 512 dm, square
Leaves compound, petioled; leaflets 28 cm, lanceolate, generally acuminate, serrate
Inflorescence: heads radiate or discoid, erect; peduncles 210 cm; involucre ± 1 cm diam, hemispheric; outer phyllaries 58, 15 cm, ± linear, ciliate; inner phyllaries 57 mm, ovate; chaff scales 57 mm, brownish
Ray flowers 0few; corollas 23.5 mm
Disk flowers: corollas ± 2 mm, orange
Fruit 610 mm, blackish, narrowly wedge-shaped, flat, ± glabrous to stiffly hairy; pappus awns generally 2, 34.5 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=48
Ecology: Uncommon. Damp soil, especially disturbed sites
Elevation: generally < 1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, Great Central Valley, Southwestern California, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to e N.America
Flowering time: AugOct