TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

BAILEYA

DESERT-MARIGOLD

Annual, perennial herb, ± tomentose throughout
Stems 1–many from base
Leaves basal and alternate, simple, entire to deeply lobed, ± reduced upward, petioled or upper sessile, tomentose and glandular
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary or in few-headed cymes; peduncles short to very long; involucre cylindric to bell-shaped or hemispheric; phyllaries in 1–2 ± equal series, linear-lanceolate; receptacle flat to slightly rounded, naked or with scattered, narrow chaff
Ray flowers 4–many; ligules ovate, 3-lobed, sessile on ovary, yellow, drying cream, papery, reflexed and persistent on fruit when dry
Disk flowers 8–many; corollas yellow, gland-dotted, lobes triangular, long-hairy; anther tips triangular; style tips short-triangular
Fruit linear to club-shaped, cylindric or ± angled, short-rough hairy and gland-dotted to glabrous; pappus 0
Species in genus: 3 species: sw US, Mex
Etymology: (J.W. Bailey, Am microscopist, born 1811)
Reference: [Brown 1973 PhD dissertation, AZ State Univ]

Native

B. multiradiata A. Gray var. multiradiata

Annual, perennial herb, canescent-tomentose
Stems 2–5 dm, generally branched only at base
Leaves mostly basal and on lower stems, these 2–10 cm; petioles winged; blades 1–3-pinnately divided, lobes linear to ovate; mid-stem leaves 0 or reduced to linear, entire bracts
Inflorescence: heads solitary, showy; peduncles 1–3 dm, ± naked; involucre 10–25 mm diam, hemispheric; phyllaries 5–8 mm
Ray flowers 50–60 in > 1 series; ligule 10–20 mm, widely linear or oblong, bright yellow; lobes prominent, lanceolate to ovate
Disk flowers many; corollas 3–4 mm
Fruit 2.5–4 mm, cylindric, not or only slightly angled, ± equally ribbed
Chromosomes: 2n=32
Ecology: Desert roadsides, flats, washes, hillsides
Elevation: 600–1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Mojave Desert
Distribution outside California: to Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, n Mexico
Flowering time: Apr–Jul, Oct
Horticultural information: SUN, DRN, DRY: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.