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ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

BACCHARIS

Scott Sundberg

Perennial to shrub, dioecious, sometimes aromatic, often ± sticky-resinous
Stems erect, channeled
Leaves cauline, alternate, simple, reduced to bracts above
Inflorescence: heads discoid and disciform, borne in terminal or lateral racemes, panicles or cymes; phyllaries overlapping in several series; receptacle naked or chaffy
Disk flowers generally many, functionally staminate; corollas white to pink-tinged; ovary much reduced; pappus of bristles < involucre
Pistillate flowers generally many; corollas thread-like, ± whitish
Fruit ± cylindric, 4–10-ribbed; pappus of many bristles > involucre
Species in genus: 250–400 species: Am
Etymology: (Latin: Bacchus, god of wine)
[Boldt 1989 Baccharis TX Agric Exp Sta, College Station]

Native

B. pilularis DC.

CHAPARRAL BROOM, COYOTE BRUSH

Shrub < 3 m, glabrous, generally sticky
Stems prostrate to erect; branches spreading or ascending
Leaves barely petioled, 8–55 mm, oblanceolate to obovate, entire to toothed; principal veins 3
Inflorescence: heads in a leafy panicle; involucre hemispheric to bell-shaped, of staminate heads 3.2–5 mm, of pistillate heads 3.5–5 mm; phyllaries in 4–6 series, lanceolate to ovate, glabrous, tip rounded to acute; receptacle convex to conic, honeycombed, chaff 0
Staminate flowers (13)20–34; corollas 3–4.2 mm; pappus 3–4.2 mm
Pistillate flowers 19–43; corollas 2.5–3.5(4.5) mm
Fruit 1–2 mm, glabrous; ribs 8–10; pappus 5.5–9 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Coastal bluffs to oak woodland, sometimes on serpentine
Elevation: 0–750(1500) m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Sierra Nevada Foothills, w Central Western California, South Coast, Channel Islands, Western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: Oregon, n Mexico
Synonyms: var. consanguinea (DC.) Kuntze
Variable; erect plants are generally mixed (and intergrade completely) with prostrate plants
Horticultural information: DRN: 5, 15, 16, 17 &IRR: 7, 8, 9, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; male CVS, including GRCVR.