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	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California

ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

BACCHARIS

Scott Sundberg

Perennial to shrub, dioecious, sometimes aromatic, often ± sticky-resinous
Stems erect, channeled
Leaves cauline, alternate, simple, reduced to bracts above
Inflorescence: heads discoid and disciform, borne in terminal or lateral racemes, panicles or cymes; phyllaries overlapping in several series; receptacle naked or chaffy
Disk flowers generally many, functionally staminate; corollas white to pink-tinged; ovary much reduced; pappus of bristles < involucre
Pistillate flowers generally many; corollas thread-like, ± whitish
Fruit ± cylindric, 4–10-ribbed; pappus of many bristles > involucre
Species in genus: 250–400 species: Am
Etymology: (Latin: Bacchus, god of wine)
[Boldt 1989 Baccharis TX Agric Exp Sta, College Station]

Native

B. pilularis DC.

CHAPARRAL BROOM, COYOTE BRUSH

Shrub < 3 m, glabrous, generally sticky
Stems prostrate to erect; branches spreading or ascending
Leaves barely petioled, 8–55 mm, oblanceolate to obovate, entire to toothed; principal veins 3
Inflorescence: heads in a leafy panicle; involucre hemispheric to bell-shaped, of staminate heads 3.2–5 mm, of pistillate heads 3.5–5 mm; phyllaries in 4–6 series, lanceolate to ovate, glabrous, tip rounded to acute; receptacle convex to conic, honeycombed, chaff 0
Staminate flowers (13)20–34; corollas 3–4.2 mm; pappus 3–4.2 mm
Pistillate flowers 19–43; corollas 2.5–3.5(4.5) mm
Fruit 1–2 mm, glabrous; ribs 8–10; pappus 5.5–9 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Coastal bluffs to oak woodland, sometimes on serpentine
Elevation: 0–750(1500) m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Sierra Nevada Foothills, w Central Western California, South Coast, Channel Islands, Western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: Oregon, n Mexico
Synonyms: var. consanguinea (DC.) Kuntze
Variable; erect plants are generally mixed (and intergrade completely) with prostrate plants
Horticultural information: DRN: 5, 15, 16, 17 &IRR: 7, 8, 9, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; male CVS, including GRCVR.