TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual or perennial herb from caudex or rhizome
Stem generally erect, 120 dm
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, alternate, generally entire; basal generally petioled
Inflorescence: heads generally radiate, solitary or in a cyme or panicle; involucre obconic to hemispheric; phyllaries in 26 series, outer generally < inner, free, at least inner with pale, papery margins; receptacle ± flat, naked
Ray flowers 0many; corolla violet to pink or white
Disk flowers many; corolla and anthers generally yellow, tube generally < throat; anther tips ± triangular; style branches flat on inner face, base ± warty, tip acute, hairy
Fruit generally rounded, ± ribbed, ± brown; pappus of bristles, white to brownish
Species in genus: ± 250 species: North America, Eurasia, Africa
Etymology: (Greek: star)
Reference: [Allen 1984 Syst Bot 9:175191]
Recent taxonomic note: *See also revised taxonomy of Nesom 1994 Phytologia 77:141297.
Native |
Perennial; rhizomes long
Stems 16 dm, ± hairy above
Leaves basal and cauline, 615 cm, elliptic to obovate, acute to obtuse, ± entire, generally glabrous
Inflorescence: heads in 1few-headed cyme; phyllaries oblong to ovate, acute, outer ± leaf-like and green throughout, inner pale-margined
Ray flowers many; corollas 1225 mm, violet to purple
Fruit generally hairy
Chromosomes: 2n=16,32,48,64,80,96
Ecology: Open woods to alpine meadows
Elevation: 14003200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, San Jacinto Mountains, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, Montana, New Mexico
Highly variable.
Native |
Stems 14 dm
Leaves 212 cm, not clasping
Inflorescence: outer phyllaries < inner
Chromosomes: 2n=16,32,64
Ecology: Habitat of sp.
Elevation: 14003200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, San Jacinto Mountains, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Montana, New Mexico
1-headed alpine plants have been called var. apricus A. Gray
Horticultural information: TRY.