| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
previous taxon |
next taxon
Jepson Interchange (more information) |
|
|
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Biennial
Stems 1–several, branched above
Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, long-petioled, widely ovate; base deeply cordate; margin entire or toothed, gradually reduced upward in CA
Inflorescence: heads discoid, in leafy-bracted clusters; involucre ± spheric; phyllaries overlapping in many series, ± linear in CA, bases appressed, tips stiffly radiating, hooked-spiny; receptacle bristly
Flowers many; corolla pink to ± purple, lobes narrowly triangular; anther base tailed, tips ovate, acute to obtuse; style branched just above hairy ring, branches oblong, obtuse
Fruit ± compressed, rough or ribbed, glabrous, attachment basal; pappus several series of rough bristles, readily deciduous
Species in genus: 10 species: Eurasia
Etymology: (Greek: bear)
| Introduced |
Plant < 15 dm
Stem: branches stiffly ascending
Leaf: blade < 40+ cm, green, puberulent or soft-hairy above, becoming glabrous, ± gray-tomentose below
Inflorescence: heads sessile to short-peduncled in raceme- or panicle-like clusters; involucre 10–25 mm diam; inner phyllaries generally purple-tinged, margins minutely serrate
Flower: corolla 8–10 mm
Fruit 4–7.5 mm, dark brown or dark-spotted; pappus ± 2 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=32,36
Ecology: Disturbed places
Elevation: < 1200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California
Distribution outside California: native to Europe