TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Biennial
Stems 1several, branched above
Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, long-petioled, widely ovate; base deeply cordate; margin entire or toothed, gradually reduced upward in CA
Inflorescence: heads discoid, in leafy-bracted clusters; involucre ± spheric; phyllaries overlapping in many series, ± linear in CA, bases appressed, tips stiffly radiating, hooked-spiny; receptacle bristly
Flowers many; corolla pink to ± purple, lobes narrowly triangular; anther base tailed, tips ovate, acute to obtuse; style branched just above hairy ring, branches oblong, obtuse
Fruit ± compressed, rough or ribbed, glabrous, attachment basal; pappus several series of rough bristles, readily deciduous
Species in genus: 10 species: Eurasia
Etymology: (Greek: bear)
Introduced |
Plant < 25 dm
Stem: branches ascending
Leaf: blade < 40+ cm, green, nearly glabrous above, thinly gray-tomentose below
Inflorescence: heads generally ± long-peduncled in ± rounded or flat-topped clusters; involucre 2540 mm diam; inner phyllaries generally green, margins minutely spreading- or reflexed-hairy
Flower: corolla 912 mm
Fruit 67 mm, ± brown, sometimes dark-spotted; pappus 26 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=32
Ecology: Uncommon. Disturbed places
Elevation: < 500 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: native to Europe