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	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California

ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

ANCISTROCARPHUS

WOOLLY FISHHOOKS

James D. Morefield

Species in genus: 1 sp. (perhaps another undescribed)
Etymology: (Greek: fishhook chaff)
Often placed in Stylocline , but more closely related to Hesperevax or Eur Cymbolaena.

Native

A. filagineus A. Gray

Annual, ± gray, cobwebby to tomentose
Stems 1–several from base, spreading to erect, < 15 cm, ± forked
Leaves simple, alternate, ± sessile, < 30 mm, linear-oblanceolate to ± elliptic, entire
Inflorescence: heads disciform, ± sessile in leafy-bracted groups of 2–5, < 9 mm; phyllaries 0 or 3–6, vestigial, ± equal, membranous; receptacle 1–2 X longer than wide, expanded at tip, chaffy; outer chaff scales phyllary-like, each enclosing a pistillate flower, falling with a fruit, woolly, strongly 3-veined, body hard, tip scarious-winged; innermost chaff scales each subtending a disk flower, 2.7–4.1 mm (> outer), open, concave, persistent, thinly woolly, in fruit rigid, enlarged, spreading, tip hooked strongly inward, forming a spine
Pistillate flowers 5–10 in 1–2 series; corollas tubular
Disk flowers staminate, 3–5, 1–1.5 mm, 4–6-lobed
Fruit 1.4–2 mm, 0.6–0.9 mm wide, obovoid, compressed front-to-back, smooth, dull, black-banded near base; pappus 0
Ecology: Bare or grassy, often serpentine slopes, road beds, vernally moist places
Elevation: < 1900 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province (except coast), Modoc Plateau, sw Mojave Desert
Distribution outside California: to Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, nw Baja California
Flowering time: Apr–May
Synonyms: Stylocline f. (A. Gray) A. Gray including var. depressa Jeps