| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual or perennial herb, generally scapose; sap milky
Leaves ± basal, narrow, entire to pinnately lobed
Inflorescence: head 1, ligulate, erect, 8–60 mm; phyllaries subequal or overlapping in 2–4 series, inner often elongated in fruit; receptacle flat, naked
Flowers generally many; ligules = to >> involucre, yellow or red-orange, readily withering, outer ± reddish below
Fruit linear to fusiform, ± 10-ribbed; beak often = or >> body; pappus of many fine, simple, white bristles
Species in genus: ± 10 species: Am
Etymology: (Greek: goat chicory)
Reference: [Q. Jones 1954 PhD Harvard U.]
Like Taraxacum but closely related to Nothocalais.Hybrids and polyploidy complicate variation in some species
| Native |
Perennial 3–50 cm, decumbent to erect, generally ± tomentose
Leaves linear to (ob)lanceolate, acute to long-tapered, entire to lobed
Inflorescence: involucre 10–25 mm; phyllaries overlapping in several series, outer ovate and acute to lanceolate and long-tapered, glabrous to ciliate or soft-hairy
Flowers many, > involucre; ligules yellow
Fruit: body 4–10 mm, linear-fusiform; ribs straight, smooth; beak < body
Ecology: Sagebrush scrub, coniferous forest, meadows, alpine slopes
Elevation: 1400–3800 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to w Canada, north-central US, New Mexico
| Native |
Plant 3–25 cm, ± soft-white-opaque-hairy (especially below head), nonglandular
Leaves ± narrowly lanceolate, long-tapered, generally pinnately (and downwardly) lobed
Inflorescence: outer phyllaries lanceolate, ± long-tapered, generally glabrous, red-marked
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Dry, open sagebrush scrub, coniferous woods, alpine slopes
Elevation: 1400–3800 m.
Bioregional distribution: High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, New Mexico
Flowering time: May–Aug
Intergrades with var. monticola.