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ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

VIGUIERA

Annual, perennial herb, shrubs
Stems generally several from base
Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, sessile or petioled
Inflorescence: heads radiate or discoid, solitary or in few-headed, terminal cymes; peduncles long or short; involucre hemispheric or bell-shaped; phyllaries in several series, equal to very unequal; receptacle rounded to conic, chaffy; chaff scales entire or 3-lobed, folded around fruits
Ray flowers 0–many, sterile; corolla yellow; ligules entire to 3-lobed
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow or orange; anther tips triangular; style tips triangular
Fruit ± flattened, obovate, glabrous or ± hairy; pappus of scales, generally 1 or more lanceolate
Species in genus: ± 150 species: New World
Etymology: (L.G.A. Viguier, 1790–1867, French physician, botanist)
Reference: [Shilling 1990 Madroño 37:149–170]

Native

V. reticulata S. Watson

Shrub < 1.5 m diam
Stems many, 5–15 dm, soft-hairy; bark peeling in age
Leaves opposite below, alternate above; petioles 3.5–30 mm; blades 2–9 cm, ovate, 3-veined from truncate to cordate base, tip acute, margin entire, upper surface densely canescent-tomentose, undersurface with veins prominently raised, gray-green, loosely tomentose
Inflorescence: cyme few-headed, on long, ± naked branch; bracts reduced to scales 3–10 mm; peduncles 5–50 mm; heads radiate; involucre hemispheric or appearing disk-like when pressed; phyllaries in 2–3 unequal series, 2–5 mm, oblong to ovate, obtuse, short-white-hairy; chaff scales 4–5.5 mm
Ray flowers 10–15; ligules 7–15 mm
Disk flowers: corollas 3–4 mm
Fruit 2.5–4 mm, obovate; pappus of 2 scales (each 0.5–1 mm) and 1–2 lanceolate scales (each 1–2.8 mm)
Ecology: Arid slopes
Elevation: < 1500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Mojave Desert
Distribution outside California: w Nevada
Flowering time: Feb–Jun
Horticultural information: TRY.

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