TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, perennial herb, shrubs
Leaves simple, opposite or alternate
Inflorescence: heads radiate or discoid, solitary or in fewmany-headed cymes; phyllaries in 26 equal to very unequal series, free; receptacle flat to conic, chaffy; chaff scales entire, folded around ovaries
Ray flowers fertile or sterile; corollas yellow to white
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow to orange; style branches acute to acuminate
Fruit: ray achenes triangular or 0; disk achenes flattened, wing-margined, obovate; pappus 0 or of 2 awns
Etymology: (Derived from Verbena)
Reference: [Coleman 1966 Madroño 18:129137; Coleman 1966 Amer Midl Naturalist 76:475481]
Native |
Subshrub generally < 1 m
Stems glabrous or short-hairy near inflorescence
Leaves sessile; blade ovate, 1-veined, entire or with few, short teeth, bright green, glabrous to densely scabrous
Inflorescence: cyme, ± flat-topped; peduncles subtended by scale-like entire bracts; heads 316; phyllaries in 34 unequal series, 513 mm, oblong, obtuse to acute, short-hairy; chaff scales 1013 mm, acute
Ray flowers sterile; ligule orange-yellow, ± entire; style 0, ovary 2.53 mm
Disk flowers: corolla 79 mm; anthers dark brown
Fruit 89 mm, dark brown, glabrous; wing thin, brown; pappus of 2 awns, 34 mm
Ecology: Shrubby coastal slopes
Elevation: < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: s South Coast (Orange Co.), naturalized in San Bernardino Mountains
Distribution outside California: Baja California