| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Perennial from taproot; sap milky
Stems naked, hollow
Leaves all basal, toothed or lobed; lobes acute
Inflorescence: heads ligulate, solitary, scapose; phyllaries many, outer ovate to lanceolate, generally reflexed, inner erect, linear; receptacle convex, naked
Flowers many; ligules yellow, readily withering
Fruit fusiform; ribs rough; beak slender, >> body; pappus of many, white, slender bristles, not plumose. Many named species, mostly reproducing clonally by asexual seeds: Eurasia, CA
Etymology: (Greek: ancient name)
Reference: [Taylor 1987 Bull Torrey Bot Club 114:109–120]
| Introduced |
Leaves variously toothed or lobed
Inflorescence: heads 2–3.3 cm diam; outer phyllaries reflexed, 5–8 mm; tips of inner phyllaries acute to minutely truncate
Fruit grayish or olive-brown; body tubercled near tip
Chromosomes: 2n=16,24,48
Ecology: Abundant. Weed, especially of lawns, meadows
Elevation: 0–3300 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: native to Europe
Flowering time: Most of year
Synonyms: T. laevigatum (Willd.) DC