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ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

RAILLARDELLA

Bruce G. Baldwin

Perennial, ± scapose from generally branched rhizome; rosettes often clumped
Leaves simple, sessile, ± basal
Inflorescence glandular, sometimes hairy; heads radiate or discoid, generally solitary; phyllaries generally as many as ray flowers, ± folded around ray ovaries; chaff scales in 1 involucre-like series, ± equal, ciliate-hairy
Ray flowers 0–13; corollas yellow to red; ligules often deeply lobed
Disk flowers 7–84; corollas yellow to red; style branches long, tips bristly
Fruit ± cylindric, ± straight, ascending-hairy, black; pappus of flat, ciliate-plumose bristles
Species in genus: 3 species: montane CA, w NV, OR
Etymology: (Latin: small Raillardia or Railliardia )
Reference: [Baldwin et al. 1991 Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 88:1840–1843]

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