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ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

PYRROCOMA

Gregory K. Brown

Perennial from woody taproot
Stems 1–many, decumbent to erect, generally red-tinged
Leaves alternate, simple, glabrous to tomentose or glandular; basal petioled; cauline generally clasping, reduced
Inflorescence: heads generally radiate, 1–many; involucre hemispheric to bell-shaped; phyllaries in 2–6 ± graduated series, herbaceous
Ray flowers 10–80; corollas 2–35 mm, yellow
Disk flowers 20–100+; corollas 5–15 mm, cylindric to funnel-shaped, yellow
Fruit 3–4-angled, generally hairy; pappus bristles 15–60, generally rigid, unequal
Species in genus: ± 10 species: w North America
Etymology: (Greek: reddish pappus)
Reference: [Mayes 1976 PhD Univ TX]
Formerly included in Haplopappus.

Native

P. carthamoides Hook. var. cusickii (A. Gray) Kartesz & Gandhi


Stems 6–43 cm
Leaves ± 5–21 cm; blade ± narrowly (ob)lanceolate, ± entire to spiny-serrate, puberulent
Inflorescence: heads obscurely radiate, 1–4, in raceme-like cluster, subtended by leafy bracts; involucre 11–20 mm, narrowly bell-shaped; phyllaries ± lanceolate, ± not overlapping, entire to serrate, herbaceous with pale, thin, dry margin
Ray flowers < 25; ligules 2–7 mm, generally < or = pappus
Disk flowers many; corollas 9–13 mm
Fruit 3–5.5 mm, 4-angled, glabrous; pappus ± 6–9 mm, tan to red-brown
Chromosomes: 2n=12
Ecology: Barren rocky areas, lava fields
Elevation: 900–2800 m.
Bioregional distribution: High Cascade Range, n High Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Idaho, n Nevada
Synonyms: Haplopappus ca. (Hook.) A. Gray subsp. cu. (A. Gray) H.M. Hall

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