| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Perennial, subshrubs
Stems 1–many, erect, ± hairy
Leaves simple, alternate, entire or pinnately lobed, ± soft-hairy; upper often ± glandular
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary or in cymes; peduncles short to long; involucre cylindric to bell-shaped; phyllaries 5–13 in 1–2 subequal series; receptacle flat, naked
Ray flowers 2–6; corollas yellow, fading to cream, persistent on fruit; ligules ovate, 3-lobed, reflexed when dry
Disk flowers few–many; corollas yellow, densely hairy; anther tips triangular; style tips truncate
Fruit cylindric (or ray achenes slightly flat), ribbed, glabrous, glandular or soft-hairy; pappus of 4–6 unequal transparent scales
Species in genus: 6 species: sw US, n Mex
Etymology: (Greek: naked turn)
Reference: [Brown 1973 PhD dissertation AZ State Univ]