| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual or perennial herb, generally densely glandular, aromatic
Stems 1–several, generally simple below, ± branched above
Leaves generally opposite below, alternate above, generally linear to lanceolate, entire to slightly toothed
Inflorescence: heads generally radiate, generally peduncled, few–many; phyllaries generally 1–20, free, enclosing (and falling with) ray achenes; receptacle ± flat, generally glabrous; chaff scales generally ± fused, in ring between ray and disk flowers
Ray flowers generally 1–20, sometimes minute; ligules 2–3-lobed, generally yellow
Disk flowers 1–many, sometimes staminate; corollas yellow or maroon; anther tips triangular-ovate; style tips linear to oblong, acute, bristly
Fruit club-shaped or obovoid; ray achenes compressed, thickened, or 3-angled (1 angle toward center of head), ridged, sometimes beaked; pappus 0 or of short scales; disk achenes ± symmetric; pappus 0 or of 4–10 scales or bristles
Species in genus: 21 species: w North America, sw South America
Recent taxonomic note: *See revised taxonomy of Baldwin 1999 Novon 9:462–471.
Etymology: (Chilean name)
Reference: [Nelson & Nelson 1980 Brittonia 32:323–325]
| Native |
Annual 5–18 cm
Stems simple or branches stiffly spreading; lower generally very leafy, densely bristly, branches nearly leafless (except bases, tips), densely stalked-glandular; glands black or dark brown
Leaves 0.5–3 cm, mostly crowded along lower stems and at branching points, bristly, thick-edged
Inflorescence: heads solitary or in rounded to flat-topped clusters; peduncles mostly 1–5 cm, stiff, densely glandular; involucre 4–5.2 mm, obovoid; phyllaries acute, soft-hairy, glandular or not, tips not flat; chaff scales free
Ray flowers 3–6; corolla tubes ± 1 mm, ligules 2–5 mm, bright yellow, base sometimes red-tinged
Disk flowers 8–20, generally fertile; corollas 2.5–3.5 mm; anthers yellow
Fruits alike, 2.8–3.2 mm, club-shaped, slightly curved, slightly compressed; beak 0; pappus forming low crown, scales 0.2–0.5 mm, minutely fringed, sometimes purplish
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Serpentine barrens in open chaparral
Elevation: ± 500 m.
Bioregional distribution: s Inner North Coast Ranges
Recent taxonomic note: *Harmonia hallii (D.D. Keck) B.G. Baldwin