| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, perennial herb, glabrous or hairy
Stem generally branched, generally erect, < 60 cm
Leaves opposite, < 20 cm, entire to pinnately cut
Inflorescence: heads radiate, solitary or in cymes; phyllaries in 1 or 2 series, free or partly fused; receptacle narrowly conic to hemispheric, naked, smooth, pitted, or rough
Ray flowers 4–21; ligules generally yellow
Disk flowers generally many; corollas generally 5-lobed, generally yellow; anther tips acuminate to triangular; style tips triangular or round, generally hair-tufted
Fruit < 5 mm, cylindric to obovoid, black or gray; pappus of awns, scales, or 0
Species in genus: 17 species: w North America, Chile
Etymology: (Greek: female pupil of Plato)
Reference: [Ornduff 1966 Univ Calif Publ Bot 40:1–92]
Generally self-incompatible (cross-pollinated).
| Native |
Perennial (rarely annual) < 40 cm
Stem simple or branched, hairy
Leaves 2–21 cm, linear to oblong, entire, glabrous to densely hairy
Inflorescence: involucre 9–14 mm, bell-shaped to depressed-hemispheric; phyllaries 13–16, free, hairy; receptacle conic, rough, generally glabrous
Ray flowers 8–16; ligules 5–16 mm
Disk flowers many; anther tips triangular to sublanceolate; style tips triangular, hair-tufted
Fruit < 4 mm, linear to narrowly club-shaped, generally glabrous; pappus of < 4 narrow awns, or 0
Ecology: Grasslands, dunes, woods
Elevation: < 500 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Central Coast.Sspp. intergrade.
| Native |
Roots fibrous, not clustered
Stem generally decumbent, generally branched at base, < 40 cm
Leaves > 2 mm wide
Chromosomes: 2n=48
Ecology: Grasslands, dunes along immediate coast
Elevation: < 500 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Central Coast (2 stations)Horticultural information: DRN, SUN, IRR: 5, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24.