TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

HOLOCARPHA

Annual, densely glandular, strongly scented
Leaves alternate or lower opposite, linear to oblanceolate, entire to lobed; upper reduced, often with axillary leaf clusters, tipped by open-pit glands
Inflorescence: heads radiate, in flat-topped to panicle-like clusters; phyllaries half-enclosing ray ovaries, falling with fruits, back with stalked, open-pit glands, tip cylindric, gland-tipped; receptacle chaffy
Ray flowers 3–16; ligules 3-lobed (middle narrowest), yellow
Disk flowers few–many, most sterile; corolla yellow; anther tips widely triangular; style branches tapered
Fruit: pappus 0; ray achenes ± 3-angled, short-beaked, dark; disk achenes ± club-shaped
Species in genus: 4 species: CA
Etymology: (Greek: wholly chaffy, from receptacle)
Reference: [Palmer 1982 PhD Univ CA Davis]
± identical forms often intersterile.

Native

H. macradenia (DC.) Greene

SANTA CRUZ TARPLANT

Stems 1–5 dm; branches few, stiffly spreading, bristly, glandular
Leaves: lower < 12 cm, widely linear, slender-toothed; upper bract-like, rolled under, ± bristly; uppermost gland-tipped
Inflorescence dense or heads ± sessile in upper axils; peduncle bracts 5–10 mm, upper appressed to involucre base, flat; involucres 5.5–8 mm, ± spheric; phyllaries with ± 25 long, cylindric, gland-tipped projections, puberulent; receptacle 2.5–3 mm diam, conic
Ray flowers 8–16; ligules 4.5–5.5 mm
Disk flowers 40–90; corollas 4–4.5 mm; anthers black
Fruit: ray achenes 2.5–3 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=8
Ecology: Grassy coastal terraces
Elevation: < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: n Central Coast (n&c Monterey Bay), sw San Francisco Bay Area.Threatened by development, agriculture.