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	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

HETEROTHECA

GOLDENASTER, TELEGRAPH WEED

John C. Semple

Annual to perennial herb, taprooted, branched above, strigose-bristly; hairs minutely knobby
Leaves generally ± cauline, alternate; lower oblanceolate to ovate, base or petiole ± spreading-hairy; upper reduced, glandular
Inflorescence ± flat-topped; heads generally radiate; involucre ± bell-shaped; phyllaries in 3–5 graded series; receptacle naked, pitted
Ray flowers (0)10–30(40); ligules yellow
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow; style branches finely papillate, appendage narrowly triangular
Fruit obconic; ray fruit ± 3-angled, pappus 0 or of bristles; disk fruit compressed, outer pappus of narrow scales < 1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristles 3–7 mm
Species in genus: ± 30 species: especially w North America
Etymology: (Greek: different cases, from ray and disk fruits)
Reference: [Semple 1990 Brittonia 42:221–228]

Native

H. sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners

Perennial 1–13 dm, ± bristly to woolly, ± glandular above
Leaves: lower tapered; upper ± sessile, 1–5 cm
Inflorescence: involucre 8–14 mm, generally not subtended by leaf-like bracts, ± hairy and glandular
Ray flowers 3–30; ligules 3–10 mm
Disk flowers 20–50; corollas 3–10 mm; lobes generally sparsely hairy
Ecology: Dunes, grassland, oak woodland
Elevation: < 2700 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s North Coast, n Central Coast, c&s Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain Area, San Joaquin Valley, Central Western California, South Coast, Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: Baja California
Highly variable, especially in CW; subspp. ± merge where ranges overlap.

Native

subsp. echioides (Benth.) Semple

Plant bristly below
Leaves flat (or ± wavy in Teh, TR), much reduced upward; hairs ± 2 mm
Inflorescence: heads many in tall plants
Disk flowers 30–50
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Grasslands, oak woodlands
Elevation: < 1100 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain Area, San Joaquin Valley, Central Western California, South Coast, Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges
Synonyms: Chrysopsis villosa var. e. (Benth.) A. Gray
Sparsely glandular plants from serpentine in SnFrB with long-hairy disk corolla lobes have been called var. bolanderoides Semple; densely glandular plants from s SnFrB, n SCo with ± glabrous disk corolla lobes have been called var. camphorata (Eastw.) Semple [ Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. c. Eastw.]
Horticultural information: TRY.