| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to perennial herb, taprooted, branched above, strigose-bristly; hairs minutely knobby
Leaves generally ± cauline, alternate; lower oblanceolate to ovate, base or petiole ± spreading-hairy; upper reduced, glandular
Inflorescence ± flat-topped; heads generally radiate; involucre ± bell-shaped; phyllaries in 3–5 graded series; receptacle naked, pitted
Ray flowers (0)10–30(40); ligules yellow
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow; style branches finely papillate, appendage narrowly triangular
Fruit obconic; ray fruit ± 3-angled, pappus 0 or of bristles; disk fruit compressed, outer pappus of narrow scales < 1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristles 3–7 mm
Species in genus: ± 30 species: especially w North America
Etymology: (Greek: different cases, from ray and disk fruits)
Reference: [Semple 1990 Brittonia 42:221–228]
| Native |
Perennial 1–13 dm, ± bristly to woolly, ± glandular above
Leaves: lower tapered; upper ± sessile, 1–5 cm
Inflorescence: involucre 8–14 mm, generally not subtended by leaf-like bracts, ± hairy and glandular
Ray flowers 3–30; ligules 3–10 mm
Disk flowers 20–50; corollas 3–10 mm; lobes generally sparsely hairy
Ecology: Dunes, grassland, oak woodland
Elevation: < 2700 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s North Coast, n Central Coast, c&s Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain Area, San Joaquin Valley, Central Western California, South Coast, Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: Baja California
Highly variable, especially in CW; subspp. ± merge where ranges overlap.
| Native |
Plant sparsely woolly below
Leaves flat, little reduced upward; hairs ± 2 mm
Inflorescence: heads generally few
Disk flowers 30–50; corolla lobes (sub)glabrous
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Dunes, headlands
Elevation: < 150 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s North Coast, n Central Coast
Synonyms: Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. b. (A. Gray) JepsHorticultural information: SUN: 5 &IRR: 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.