TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to perennial herb, taprooted, branched above, strigose-bristly; hairs minutely knobby
Leaves generally ± cauline, alternate; lower oblanceolate to ovate, base or petiole ± spreading-hairy; upper reduced, glandular
Inflorescence ± flat-topped; heads generally radiate; involucre ± bell-shaped; phyllaries in 35 graded series; receptacle naked, pitted
Ray flowers (0)1030(40); ligules yellow
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow; style branches finely papillate, appendage narrowly triangular
Fruit obconic; ray fruit ± 3-angled, pappus 0 or of bristles; disk fruit compressed, outer pappus of narrow scales < 1 mm, inner of 3045 bristles 37 mm
Species in genus: ± 30 species: especially w North America
Etymology: (Greek: different cases, from ray and disk fruits)
Reference: [Semple 1990 Brittonia 42:221228]
Native |
Annual to short-lived perennial herb < 20 dm, erect, ± densely bristly, glandular
Leaves: lower leaves petioled, basal lobes ear-like, clasping; middle leaves densely appressed-hairy, lanceolate; upper leaves sessile, ascending, less hairy and more glandular upward
Inflorescence ± panicle-like, densely glandular; involucre 69 mm; phyllaries in 46 series
Ray flowers 2540; ligules 58 mm
Disk flowers 3075; corollas 46 mm
Fruit 25 mm: ray fruits ± glabrous, pappus 0; disk fruits strigose, outer pappus 0.20.7 mm, inner 35 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Disturbed areas, dry streams, sand dunes
Elevation: < 1100 m.
Bioregional distribution: s Northwestern California, Sierra Nevada Foothills, s Tehachapi Mountain Area, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, Southwestern California, Desert (uncommon)
Distribution outside California: nw Mexico; introduced into Arizona, Utah
Flowering time: All year
Horticultural information: SUN: 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24; INV.