Jepson Interchange (more information)
Print edition is available from the University of California Press
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This page is based on the 1993 Jepson Manual.
Please see the Jepson eFlora for up-to-date information about California vascular plants. |
| Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange |
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TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Print edition is available from the University of California Press |
| The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press | |
| See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to shrub, generally glandular, aromatic
Stems generally branched above middle or throughout
Leaves generally cauline (some also basal and cauline), generally alternate, generally linear to (ob)lanceolate, entire to pinnately lobed, generally not spine-tipped; lower generally toothed to lobed; upper generally entire
Inflorescence: heads radiate, generally 1–many in open cymes; involucre generally hemispheric; phyllaries generally linear to lanceolate, half-enclosing ray fruits; chaff scales generally in 1 ring between ray and disk flowers (scattered)
Ray flowers 3–many; ligules generally 3-lobed, white to yellow
Disk flowers 3–many, staminate or fruiting; corollas white to yellow, becoming red; anther tips ovate; style branches long, tips bristly
Fruit: ray achenes ± 3-angled; pappus 0; disk achenes cylindric or obconic, pappus 0 or scales generally linear to lanceolate
Species in genus: ± 25 species: CA, OR, w AZ, n Baja CA
Etymology: (Greek: half girdle, from sheathing phyllaries)
Reference: [Tanowitz 1982 Syst Bot 7:314–339; Venkatesh 1958 Amer J Bot 45:77–84]
Recent taxonomic note: *See revised taxonomy of Baldwin 1999 Novon 9:462–471.
| Native |
Annual, 1–7 dm, mildly scented
Stems prostrate to spreading, or erect, long-straight-hairy, often puberulent with pale yellow glands
Leaves generally puberulent, glandular or not, soft-hairy or bristly; lower generally 0 at flower, 5–20 cm, deeply 1–2-divided; upper linear, entire or few-toothed, spine-tipped, generally with axillary leaf clusters
Inflorescence open or dense; heads (sub)sessile; involucre 3.5–10 mm, often overtopped by subtending bracts; phyllaries keeled, spine-tipped; chaff scales scattered, tips obtuse to acute, ± resinous-thickened
Ray flowers 9–30+; ligule 2–6 mm, 2-lobed, yellow or becoming red
Disk flowers many, generally staminate; corollas yellow; anthers yellow to black
Fruit ± 2 mm, beaked; disk pappus scales 3–5
Ecology: Seasonally wet (often saline or alkaline) grassland near coast
Elevation: < 200 m.
Bioregional distribution: s North Coast Ranges, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, South Coast
Distribution outside California: n Baja California
Recent taxonomic note: *Centromadia parryi (Greene) Greene
| Native |
Plants generally erect, rough-puberulent, generally nonglandular
Inflorescence: involucre 3.5–5 mm, barely overtopped or not
Ray flowers: ligules ± 2 mm, often aging yellow-orange
Disk flowers: anthers yellow
Chromosomes: 2n=22
Ecology: Grassy areas
Elevation: generally < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: c-w Great Central Valley
Recent taxonomic note: *Centromadia parryi (Greene) Greene subsp. rudis (Greene) B.G. Baldwin
| YOU CAN HELP US make sure that our distributional information is correct and current. If you know that a plant occurs in a wild, reproducing state in a Jepson bioregion NOT highlighted on the map, please contact us with that information. Please realize that we cannot incorporate range extensions without access to a voucher specimen, which should (ultimately) be deposited in an herbarium. You can send the pressed, dried collection (with complete locality information indicated) to us (e-mail us for details) or refer us to an accessioned herbarium specimen. Non-occurrence of a plant in an indicated area is difficult to document, but we will especially value your input on those types of possible errors (see automatic conversion of distribution data to maps). |
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