| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to shrub, generally glandular, aromatic
Stems generally branched above middle or throughout
Leaves generally cauline (some also basal and cauline), generally alternate, generally linear to (ob)lanceolate, entire to pinnately lobed, generally not spine-tipped; lower generally toothed to lobed; upper generally entire
Inflorescence: heads radiate, generally 1–many in open cymes; involucre generally hemispheric; phyllaries generally linear to lanceolate, half-enclosing ray fruits; chaff scales generally in 1 ring between ray and disk flowers (scattered)
Ray flowers 3–many; ligules generally 3-lobed, white to yellow
Disk flowers 3–many, staminate or fruiting; corollas white to yellow, becoming red; anther tips ovate; style branches long, tips bristly
Fruit: ray achenes ± 3-angled; pappus 0; disk achenes cylindric or obconic, pappus 0 or scales generally linear to lanceolate
Species in genus: ± 25 species: CA, OR, w AZ, n Baja CA
Etymology: (Greek: half girdle, from sheathing phyllaries)
Reference: [Tanowitz 1982 Syst Bot 7:314–339; Venkatesh 1958 Amer J Bot 45:77–84]
Recent taxonomic note: *See revised taxonomy of Baldwin 1999 Novon 9:462–471.
| Native |
Annual 3–9 dm
Stems erect, bristly
Leaves generally deep green, generally bristly; lower 1–3 cm wide; upper generally glandular-puberulent
Inflorescence: heads subsessile to short-peduncled; involucre 5–7.5 mm
Ray flowers 8–13; ligule 5–8 mm, deep yellow
Disk flowers 14–30, generally staminate; corollas yellow; anthers black
Fruit 2.5–3 mm, beaked; disk pappus scales 5–14, white
Chromosomes: 2n=24
Ecology: Common. Coastal foothills, valleys
Elevation: < 500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Central Coast, South Coast Ranges, n South Coast, n Channel Islands
Recent taxonomic note: *Deinandra increscens (D.D. Keck) B.G. Baldwin
| Native |
Stems generally branched near base
Leaves gray-green, soft-hairy; lower 5–8.5 cm; upper glandular
Inflorescence: involucre 8–10 mm diam, densely soft-hairy, glandular
Ray flowers 13
Disk flowers 18–31
Fruit: disk ovaries generally sterile
Chromosomes: 2n=24
Ecology: Coastal fields, bluffs
Elevation: < 50 m.
Bioregional distribution: n South Coast (w Santa Barbara Co.).Threatened by development
Recent taxonomic note: *Deinandra increscens (D.D. Keck) B.G. Baldwin subsp. villosa (Tanowitz) B.G. Baldwin