TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Biennial to subshrub from taproot or woody caudex, glabrous to tomentose or glandular-sticky
Leaves entire to pinnately lobed, generally clasping, gland-dotted
Inflorescence: heads generally radiate, 1many; involucres obconic to hemispheric, generally gummy; phyllaries in 410 series, bases generally tough, tips green; receptacle flat to convex, naked, ± pitted
Ray flowers 0many; ligules yellow
Disk flowers: corollas yellow; style appendages linear to lanceolate, generally = or > stigmatic portion
Fruit cylindric or swollen-obconic, shiny white to ± brown, glabrous, smooth to ridged; pappus of 16 awns ± < disk corollas, generally < 0.2 mm wide, generally U-shaped in X -section, generally entire, deciduous
Species in genus: ± 80 species: c&w North America, South America
Etymology: (D.H. Grindel, 17761836, Latvian botanist)
Hybrids common .
Native |
Perennial 215 dm, erect, few-branched above, green to red-purple or -brown, glabrous to tomentose
Leaf 110 cm, oblong to lanceolate, entire to lobed (less so upward) yellow-, red-, or gray-green
Inflorescence: heads often subtended by phyllary-like bracts; involucres 732 mm diam, hemispheric to bell-shaped; phyllaries 45 series, generally lanceolate-acute, outer erect to reflexed
Ray flowers 1060+; ligules 820 mm
Disk flowers many; throat narrow
Fruit 2.55.5 mm, golden- to red-brown, smooth to ridged; pappus awns flat
Chromosomes: 2n=12,24
Ecology: Sandy, clay, or serpentine slopes or roadsides
Elevation: < 1700 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast Ranges, n&c Sierra Nevada Foothills, Sacramento Valley, Central Western California, Western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, Sonoran Desert
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia?
Varieties (except hallii ) intergrade.
Native |
Plant 35 dm, often leaning, red-brown to -purple, ± glabrous
Leaf generally gray-green
Inflorescence: heads ± subtended by bracts; involucres generally 1215(25) mm diam; phyllaries erect to ± spreading
Ray flowers 1040; ligules 1115 mm
Fruit 3.54.2 mm, golden- to gray-brown, deeply ridged; top generally flanged or knobby; pappus awns 45
Chromosomes: 2n=24
Ecology: Sandy or serpentine slopes, sea bluffs
Elevation: < 400 m.
Bioregional distribution: n Central Coast (San Francisco, San Mateo cos.)
Synonyms: G. m. (Greene) Steyerm
Possible derivative of var. hirsutula X G. stricta var. platyphylla
Horticultural information: In cultivation.