TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Biennial to subshrub from taproot or woody caudex, glabrous to tomentose or glandular-sticky
Leaves entire to pinnately lobed, generally clasping, gland-dotted
Inflorescence: heads generally radiate, 1many; involucres obconic to hemispheric, generally gummy; phyllaries in 410 series, bases generally tough, tips green; receptacle flat to convex, naked, ± pitted
Ray flowers 0many; ligules yellow
Disk flowers: corollas yellow; style appendages linear to lanceolate, generally = or > stigmatic portion
Fruit cylindric or swollen-obconic, shiny white to ± brown, glabrous, smooth to ridged; pappus of 16 awns ± < disk corollas, generally < 0.2 mm wide, generally U-shaped in X -section, generally entire, deciduous
Species in genus: ± 80 species: c&w North America, South America
Etymology: (D.H. Grindel, 17761836, Latvian botanist)
Hybrids common .
Native |
Perennial 625 dm, ± erect, ± glabrous
Stems appearing white-varnished
Leaves: cauline 23 cm, lanceolate to ovate, entire to serrate, stiff, light yellow- to gray-green
Inflorescence: head 1; involucre 1725 mm diam, hemispheric; phyllaries 67 series, acuminate, strongly reflexed to coiled 360°, glabrous
Ray flowers (0)2539; ligules 811 mm
Disk flowers many; corolla throat ± narrow
Fruit 25 mm, generally 23-angled, white to golden-brown; tops generally flanged; pappus awns 26
Chromosomes: 2n=24
Ecology: Sandy or saline bottomlands, fields, roadsides
Elevation: < 1400 m.
Bioregional distribution: Inner North Coast Ranges, Great Central Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, Outer South Coast Ranges, Southwestern California
Distribution outside California: Baja California
Native |
Plant 612 dm, few-branched above
Inflorescence: head generally subtended by phyllary-like bracts
Ray flowers 0 or 2527
Ecology: Clay or sandy roadsides, streambanks, dry washes
Elevation: 1501400 m.
Bioregional distribution: sw Great Central Valley, s Outer South Coast Ranges, South Coast, Western Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges
Distribution outside California: Baja California
Synonyms: G. robusta Nutt. including var. b. (J.T. Howell) D.D. Keck and part of var. r
Possibly derived from var. c. X G. hirsutula var. h. and G. squarrosa var. serrulata.