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ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

GALINSOGA

Annual
Stems generally erect
Leaves simple, opposite, petioled; blade 3-veined
Inflorescence: heads radiate or discoid, generally small, in leafy-bracted cymes; peduncles slender; involucre bell-shaped; phyllaries in 2 series, free; receptacle conic, chaffy, scales of 2 kinds, outer fused in groups of 2–3 together with a phyllary around a ray flower, inner narrower, subtending disk flowers
Ray flowers (0)5–8, ligule short, white
Disk flowers 8–50; corolla yellow; style tips acute
Fruit obconic, round to ± angled; pappus of fringed scales or 0
Species in genus: ± 15 species: Am tropical; some widespread weeds
Etymology: (D. Mariano Martinez de Galinsoga, Spanish physician, 18th century)
Reference: [Canne 1977 Rhodora 79:319–389]

Introduced

G. parviflora Cav. var. parviflora

Annual, glabrous or sparsely soft-hairy, sometimes also glandular
Stem 10–60 cm, simple or much-branched
Leaf: petiole < or = 2.5 cm; blade 1–11 cm, ± ovate, acute, finely dentate to coarsely serrate
Inflorescence: heads 2–6 mm diam; cymes round- to ± flat-topped; peduncles 1–40 mm; phyllaries and chaff persistent; outer phyllaries 2–4, 1.2–2.2 mm, 0.6–1.5 mm wide, margins scarious; inner phyllaries generally 5, 2.5–3.5 mm, 1.3–2.6 mm wide; inner chaff scales deeply 3-lobed
Ray flowers generally 5; ligules 1–1.5 mm
Disk flowers 8–50; corollas 1.3–1.8 mm
Fruit 1.2–2.5 mm, glabrous or strigose; pappus of ray achenes of 5–8 unequal scales < or = 1 mm; pappus of disk achenes of 15–20 obtuse to acute scales < or = 2 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=16
Ecology: Gardens, fields
Elevation: generally < 1000 m.
Bioregional distribution: San Francisco Bay Area, Southwestern California, East of Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: worldwide; native to S.America

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