TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993)	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California

ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

DUGALDIA

Perennial, glabrous to densely hairy
Stems erect
Leaves simple, basal and cauline, alternate; lower wing-petioled; upper sessile; blade 3-veined
Inflorescence: heads large, radiate, 2–15 in ± flat-topped cymes; peduncles short to long; involucre disk-like or widely bell-shaped; phyllaries in 2 series; receptacle ovoid to spheric, naked
Ray flowers 14–35; ligules yellow to orange, elongated, 3–4-lobed
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow; tips of style branches truncate, shrub-like
Fruit oblong, 4-angled; hairs straight; pappus of 5–7 lanceolate scales
Species in genus: 3 species: w US to C.Am
Recent taxonomic note: *For revised taxonomy see Bierner 1994 Sida 16:1–8.
Etymology: (Dugald Stewart, Scotland, 1753–1828)
Reference: [Bierner 1974 Brittonia 26:385–392]

Native

D. hoopesii (A. Gray) Rydb.

Stems 3–9 dm, glabrous to ± hairy
Leaves entire, obtuse to acute; lower cauline and basal oblong to oblanceolate; middle oblong to elliptic; upper linear to lanceolate
Inflorescence: peduncles 3–16 cm, white-tomentose below heads; disk 12–17 mm, 19–26 mm diam; phyllaries in 2 series, outer lanceolate to ovate, ± fused, ± hairy, inner smaller, elliptic, acuminate, free, glabrous
Ray flowers 14–26; ligules 1.5–3.5 cm, yellow to orange
Disk flowers: corollas 4–5.5 mm
Fruit 3.5–4.5 mm; pappus 3–4 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=30
Ecology: Meadows
Elevation: 1500–3000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Sierra Nevada, Warner Mountains, n East of Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: to Oregon, Wyoming, New Mexico
Flowering time: Jul–Sep
Synonyms: Helenium h. A. Gray
Recent taxonomic note: *Hymenoxys hoopesii (A. Gray) Bierner
Horticultural information: IRR or WET, SUN: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 15, 16, 18.