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POLYGONACEAE

BUCKWHEAT FAMILY

James C. Hickman

Annual to trees, some dioecious
Stem: nodes often swollen
Leaves simple, basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally entire; stipules 0 or obvious and fused into a generally scarious sheath around stem
Inflorescence: small cluster, axillary or arrayed in cymes or panicles; involucres sometimes subtending 1–many flowers
Flower generally bisexual, small, ± radial; perianth generally 5–6-lobed, base ± tapered, often jointed to pedicel; stamens 2–9, often in 2 whorls; ovary superior, styles generally 3, generally fused at base
Fruit: achene, generally enclosed by persistent perianth, generally 3-angled, ovoid, and glabrous
Genera in family: 50 genera, 1100 species: worldwide, especially n temp; some cultivated for food (Fagopyrum ; Rheum , rhubarb; Rumex , sorrel) or ornamental (Antigonon , coral-vine; Muehlenbeckia ; Polygonum )
Reference: [Ronse Decraene & Akeroyd 1988 Bot J Linn Soc 98:321–371; Reveal et al. 1989 Phytologia 66(2–4):83–414]
Treatments of the 15 eriogonoid genera are based on the monographic work of James L. Reveal, who is gratefully acknowledged.

CHORIZANTHE

SPINEFLOWER

Annual, perennial herb, glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular
Stem generally scapose (made up of inflorescence axes)
Leaves basal (rarely some cauline); stipule 0; blade generally ± oblanceolate
Inflorescence open or of few heads, sometimes 1-sided; bracts generally opposite, leaf-like to scale-like; involucres 1–several per axil, sessile, tube cylindric to bell-shaped, generally ± cross-ridged or net-veined, bracts (and ribs) 3–6, awns straight or hooked; flowers 1–2 per involucre
Flower: perianth white to red or yellow, lobes 6, entire to fringed or toothed; stamens 3–9
Fruit 1.5–4.5 mm, generally ± brown, glabrous
Species in genus: 50 species: temp w North America, sw South America
Etymology: (Greek: divided flower, from perianth)
Reference: [Reveal & Hardham 1989 Phytologia 66(2):98–198]

Native

C. biloba Goodman


Stem erect, 5–40 cm
Leaf: blade 10–50 mm
Inflorescence: involucral tube 4–6 mm, urn-shaped, strigose, bracts 6, 1–2 mm, erect to spreading, awns hooked
Flower: perianth 4.5–6 mm, sparsely hairy, tube white to yellow, lobes red to purple, outer lobes spreading, notched, inner lobes erect, fringed; stamens 9
Ecology: Uncommon. Non-serpentine dry woodland, chaparral
Elevation: 200–800 m.
Bioregional distribution: South Coast Ranges.Closely related to C. palmeri.

Native

var. biloba


Flower: outer perianth lobes deeply notched, sometimes jagged
Chromosomes: n=20
Ecology: Habitat of sp.
Elevation: 200–700 m.
Bioregional distribution: eastern Outer South Coast Ranges, w Inner South Coast Ranges (eastern Inner South Coast Ranges near Parkfield Grade, w Fresno Co.)
Synonyms: C. palmeri S. Watson var. b. (Goodman) Munz
Horticultural information: TRY.

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