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POLEMONIACEAE

PHLOX FAMILY

Robert W. Patterson, Family Editor

Annual, perennial herb, shrub, vine
Leaves simple or compound, cauline (or most in basal rosette), alternate or opposite; stipules 0
Inflorescence: cymes, heads, or flowers solitary
Flower: calyx generally 5-ribbed, ribs often connected by translucent membranes that are generally torn by growing fruit; corolla generally 5-lobed, radial or bilateral, salverform to bell-shaped, throat often well defined; stamens generally 5, epipetalous, attached at same or different levels, filaments of same or different lengths, pollen white, yellow, blue, or red; ovary superior, chambers generally 3, style 1, stigmas generally 3
Fruit: capsule
Seeds 1–many, gelatinous or not when wet
Genera in family: 19 genera, 320 species: Am, n Eur, n Asia; some cultivated (Cantua, Cobaea (cup-and-saucer vine), Collomia, Gilia, Ipomopsis, Linanthus, Phlox )
Recent taxonomic note: *See also revised taxonomy of Porter and Johnson 2000 Aliso 19(1):55–91; Porter 1998 Aliso 17:83–85
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IPOMOPSIS

SCARLET GILIA

Dieter H. Wilken

Annual, perennial herb
Stem generally branched at base
Leaves alternate, simple, gradually smaller upward, entire to pinnately or palmately lobed; lobes generally small-pointed at tip
Inflorescence: clusters, lateral and 1-sided or terminal and open to head-like, rarely solitary and pedicelled in lower axils
Flower: calyx generally bell-shaped, tube and sinuses membranous, lobes generally small-pointed at tip; corolla bell-shaped or salverform, radial or bilateral, white to red or lavender
Seeds slender, angled, slightly winged, white to light brown
Species in genus: 30 species: w North America, se US, s South America
Etymology: (Greek, striking appearance)
Reference: [Grant & Wilken 1988 Bot Gaz 149:443–449]
Perennial species cross-pollinated, annual species generally self-pollinated. Distinguished from Gilia by inflorescence, leaf morphology, chromosome number, flavonoid chemistry.

Native

I. aggregata (Pursh) V.E. Grant

Perennial, dying after flowering once
Stem erect, glabrous or glandular, slightly hairy
Leaves: basal 3–5 cm, pinnately 9–11-lobed, withered at flower; cauline 5–7-lobed, glabrous to puberulent
Inflorescence 1-sided; clusters lateral, compact; flowers 1–7
Flower: calyx lobes deltate to acuminate; corolla tube 20–30 mm, salverform, generally red with yellow mottling in throat and bases of lobes, lobes acute to acuminate; stamens attached at different levels, exserted; style exserted
Ecology: Openings in scrub, woodlands
Elevation: 1100–3300 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High Cascade Range, n&c High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Colorado, Mexico
8 subspp., subsp. aggregata in Rocky Mtns.

Native

subsp. formosissima (Greene) Wherry


Leaf: lobes acute
Inflorescence: flowers 3–7
Flower: calyx lobes 3–4 mm, narrowly acuminate; stamens exserted, pollen white, light yellow, or slightly bluish
Ecology: Shrublands, montane
Elevation: 1100–2500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High Cascade Range, n&c High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Colorado, n Mexico
Flowering time: Jun–Sep
In e SNH this subsp. generally occurs lower than subsp. bridgesii. Intergrades with subsp. bridgesii in n&c SNH
Horticultural information: DRN: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 15, 16, 17 &IRR: 7, 14, 18; DFCLT.

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