| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to small tree; sap often colored, often milky
Leaves basal, cauline, or both, generally toothed, lobed, or dissected; cauline generally alternate; stipules 0
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, or panicle (terminal), or flower solitary
Flower bisexual, generally radial; sepals 2–4, sometimes shed ± at flower; petals generally 4 or 6 (or more), sometimes in 2 unlike pairs; stamens 4–many; ovary generally 1, superior, chamber generally 1, stigma lobes 0–many, ovules 1–many
Fruit: generally capsule, dehiscent by valves or pores, generally septicidal
Genera in family: 40 genera, 400 sp.: n temp, n tropical, s Africa; some cultivated (Papaver, Dicentra, Eschscholzia ). Petal length includes any spur or pouch. Hunnemannia fumariifolia Sweet (Eschscholzia-like garden per with free sepals) an uncommon waif in CA. Corydalis, Dicentra, Fumaria formerly treated in Fumariaceae.
Annual, perennial herb; sap white or yellow, milky
Leaves basal and cauline, deeply pinnately lobed, glabrous or hairy, sometimes glaucous
Inflorescence: flowers solitary, terminal
Flower: bud nodding; sepals 2, shed at flower; petals 4, free, obovate to wedge-shaped, white to red or purple, persistent after pollination; stamens many, free; placentas 4–20, style 0, stigma disk-like, lobes 4–20
Fruit oblong to round, dehiscent by pores beneath stigma
Seeds many, < 0.7 mm, reniform, net-ridged, brown or black
Species in genus: ± 50 species: especially Eurasia
Etymology: (Latin: poppy)
P. apulum Ten. var. micranthum (Boreau) Fedde, P. dubium L., P. hybridum L. perhaps in CA as waifs.
| Introduced |
Annual 60–120 cm, glaucous, glabrous or sparsely hairy
Leaf 10–20 cm; bases of cauline leaves wide, clasping stem
Flower: petals 4–6 cm, white to red or purple
Fruit 3–5 cm, round
Ecology: Disturbed areas, fallow fields
Elevation: < 500 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: native to Eurasia; cultivated
Perhaps only a waif in CA.TOXIC, source of morphine and other alkaloids .