TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, non-green root-parasites; roots modified into absorptive structures; plant an erect, fleshy, mostly underground stem (peduncle) with terminal inflorescence
Leaf: true leaves 0
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, or panicle; bracts alternate, scale-like
Flower bisexual; calyx cylindric or cup-shaped, lobes 05, persistent; corolla ± 2-lipped, lobes generally 5; stamens 4, epipetalous in 2 pairs (sometimes a 5th vestigial); ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas generally 24, parietal, simple or lobed, stigma generally 24-lobed, generally bowl- to funnel-shaped
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal; valves 24
Seeds many, small, angled; surface netted
Genera in family: 14 genera, 200 species: especially n temp
Reference: [Thieret 1971 J Arnold Arbor 52:404432]
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include hemiparasitic genera of Scrophulariaceae (e.g., Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria [Olmstead et al. 2001 Mol Phylogen Evol 16:96112]
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Annual, perennial herb, generally glandular-puberulent above; root attachment sometimes tuber-like
Stem simple or branched
Inflorescence generally ± spike-like (lower flowers often short-pedicelled or on short branches), generally dense; flowers generally > 20; bracts generally lanceolate to deltate (wider on peduncle); bractlets 0 or 2
Flower: calyx lobes generally 45; corolla glandular-puberulent (hairs short and tack-shaped or long-stalked), generally lacking ring of hairs at stamen bases, upper lip erect to reflexed, generally 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, yellow-lined; anthers glabrous to hairy; stigma lobes 2, spreading or peltate
Fruit 2-valved; placentas generally 2 or 4, often lobed
Seed < 0.7 mm
Species in genus: 140 species: worldwide, especially Medit
Etymology: (Greek: vetch strangler, from parasitic habit)
Reference: [Heckard 1973 Madroño 22:4170]
Native |
Plant 635 cm, dark purplish, glandular-puberulent
Stem generally 1; branches (if any) slender to stout, base enlarged or not
Inflorescence 23 cm wide
Flower: calyx 511 mm, lobes subequal, linear-triangular; corolla 1218 mm, lips 35 mm, acute, purple; anthers glabrous or hairy; stigma bowl-shaped, slightly 2-lobed
Ecology: Rocky soils in chaparral, on shrubs
Elevation: < 2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: High North Coast Ranges, Inner North Coast Ranges, c Western Transverse Ranges, San Gabriel Mountains.
Native |
Plant 620 cm; glandular hair stalks 0.20.4 mm, generally 3-celled
Stem slender, generally enlarged at base
Flower: corolla 1418 mm, densely hairy outside at sinuses, hairs 0.40.7 mm; folds of lower throat puberulent; filament base and anther hairy
Chromosomes: 2n=48
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Volcanic and serpentine slopes, open chaparral, generally on Garrya
Elevation: 2001700 m.
Bioregional distribution: s High North Coast Ranges, c&s Inner North Coast Ranges.