TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL	previous taxon | next taxon Jepson Interchange (more information)
	©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California Print edition is available from the University of California Press

	The second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012) is available from the University of California Press
	See also the Jepson eFlora, which parallels the Second Edition

OROBANCHACEAE

BROOM-RAPE FAMILY

Lawrence R. Heckard

Annual, perennial herb, non-green root-parasites; roots modified into absorptive structures; plant an erect, fleshy, mostly underground stem (peduncle) with terminal inflorescence
Leaf: true leaves 0
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, or panicle; bracts alternate, scale-like
Flower bisexual; calyx cylindric or cup-shaped, lobes 0–5, persistent; corolla ± 2-lipped, lobes generally 5; stamens 4, epipetalous in 2 pairs (sometimes a 5th vestigial); ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas generally 2–4, parietal, simple or lobed, stigma generally 2–4-lobed, generally bowl- to funnel-shaped
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal; valves 2–4
Seeds many, small, angled; surface netted
Genera in family: 14 genera, 200 species: especially n temp
Reference: [Thieret 1971 J Arnold Arbor 52:404–432]
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include hemiparasitic genera of Scrophulariaceae (e.g., Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria [Olmstead et al. 2001 Mol Phylogen Evol 16:96–112]
.

OROBANCHE

BROOM-RAPE

Annual, perennial herb, generally glandular-puberulent above; root attachment sometimes tuber-like
Stem simple or branched
Inflorescence generally ± spike-like (lower flowers often short-pedicelled or on short branches), generally dense; flowers generally > 20; bracts generally lanceolate to deltate (wider on peduncle); bractlets 0 or 2
Flower: calyx lobes generally 4–5; corolla glandular-puberulent (hairs short and tack-shaped or long-stalked), generally lacking ring of hairs at stamen bases, upper lip erect to reflexed, generally 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, yellow-lined; anthers glabrous to hairy; stigma lobes 2, spreading or peltate
Fruit 2-valved; placentas generally 2 or 4, often lobed
Seed < 0.7 mm
Species in genus: 140 species: worldwide, especially Medit
Etymology: (Greek: vetch strangler, from parasitic habit)
Reference: [Heckard 1973 Madroño 22:41–70]

Native

O. valida Jeps.

Plant 6–35 cm, dark purplish, glandular-puberulent
Stem generally 1; branches (if any) slender to stout, base enlarged or not
Inflorescence 2–3 cm wide
Flower: calyx 5–11 mm, lobes subequal, linear-triangular; corolla 12–18 mm, lips 3–5 mm, acute, purple; anthers glabrous or hairy; stigma bowl-shaped, slightly 2-lobed
Ecology: Rocky soils in chaparral, on shrubs
Elevation: < 2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: High North Coast Ranges, Inner North Coast Ranges, c Western Transverse Ranges, San Gabriel Mountains.

Native

subsp. howellii Heckard & L.T. Collins

HOWELL'S BROOM-RAPE

Plant 6–20 cm; glandular hair stalks 0.2–0.4 mm, generally 3-celled
Stem slender, generally enlarged at base
Flower: corolla 14–18 mm, densely hairy outside at sinuses, hairs 0.4–0.7 mm; folds of lower throat puberulent; filament base and anther hairy
Chromosomes: 2n=48
Ecology: UNCOMMON. Volcanic and serpentine slopes, open chaparral, generally on Garrya
Elevation: 200–1700 m.
Bioregional distribution: s High North Coast Ranges, c&s Inner North Coast Ranges.