| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, non-green root-parasites; roots modified into absorptive structures; plant an erect, fleshy, mostly underground stem (peduncle) with terminal inflorescence
Leaf: true leaves 0
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, or panicle; bracts alternate, scale-like
Flower bisexual; calyx cylindric or cup-shaped, lobes 0–5, persistent; corolla ± 2-lipped, lobes generally 5; stamens 4, epipetalous in 2 pairs (sometimes a 5th vestigial); ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas generally 2–4, parietal, simple or lobed, stigma generally 2–4-lobed, generally bowl- to funnel-shaped
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal; valves 2–4
Seeds many, small, angled; surface netted
Genera in family: 14 genera, 200 species: especially n temp
Reference: [Thieret 1971 J Arnold Arbor 52:404–432]
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include hemiparasitic genera of Scrophulariaceae (e.g., Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria [Olmstead et al. 2001 Mol Phylogen Evol 16:96–112]
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Annual, perennial herb, generally glandular-puberulent above; root attachment sometimes tuber-like
Stem simple or branched
Inflorescence generally ± spike-like (lower flowers often short-pedicelled or on short branches), generally dense; flowers generally > 20; bracts generally lanceolate to deltate (wider on peduncle); bractlets 0 or 2
Flower: calyx lobes generally 4–5; corolla glandular-puberulent (hairs short and tack-shaped or long-stalked), generally lacking ring of hairs at stamen bases, upper lip erect to reflexed, generally 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, yellow-lined; anthers glabrous to hairy; stigma lobes 2, spreading or peltate
Fruit 2-valved; placentas generally 2 or 4, often lobed
Seed < 0.7 mm
Species in genus: 140 species: worldwide, especially Medit
Etymology: (Greek: vetch strangler, from parasitic habit)
Reference: [Heckard 1973 Madroño 22:41–70]
| Native |
Plant 4–35 cm, pale to dark purple aboveground, glandular-puberulent
Stems 1 or clustered, slender to stout, branched below or throughout
Inflorescence long or branched and ± flat- to convex-topped; pedicels 0–4 cm, shorter upward
Flower: calyx 12–20 mm, generally pale to pinkish, lobes linear-triangular, >> tube; corolla 20–50 mm, purplish or white to rose with darker veins, moderately glandular-puberulent, lips 10–14 mm, generally widely flaring; upper lip obtuse to rounded; anthers woolly; placentas 4, stigma lobes 2, triangular, margins recurved
Ecology: Generally dry, ± rocky soils, on herbs, generally Asteraceae
Elevation: < 2500 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province (except s Channel Islands), Modoc Plateau, s East of Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, Baja California
Synonyms: O. grayana G. Beck misapplied
Sspp. highly variable, intergrading.
| Native |
Plant 4–10 cm
Stem branched or not, 1–5 cm
Inflorescence < 5 cm, convex to ± flat-topped, few-flowered
Flower: corolla 20–30 mm, tube gradually widening to 5–8 mm, lips whitish to yellowish to pale purplish with lavender veins
Chromosomes: 2n=48
Ecology: Uncommon. Moderately moist meadows, stream margins, generally on Erigeron, Aster ; generally
Elevation: 1200–1800 m.
Bioregional distribution: High North Coast Ranges, n&c High Sierra Nevada, San Francisco Bay Area (s Sonoma Co., ± 60 m), Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to Washington
Synonyms: O. grayana G. Beck var. g